Occurrance in Korea of three major soybean viruses, Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYCMV), and Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) revealed by a nationwide survey of soybean fields

Authors: CHO, SEUNGHEE - Chungnam National University; KIM, JUNG-KYU - Chungnam National University; LI, MEIJIA - Chungnam National University; SEO, EUN-YOUNG - Chungnam National University; LIM, SEUNGMO - Korea Research Institute Of Bioscience And Biotechnology; MOON, JAESUN - Korea Research Institute Of Bioscience And Biotechnology; Hammond, John; LIM, HYOUN-SUB - Chungnam National University

Submitted to: Research in Plant Disease
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/4/2013
Publication Date: 12/12/2013
Publication URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2013.19.4.319
Citation: Cho, S., Kim, J., Li, M., Seo, E., Lim, S., Moon, J., Hammond, J., Lim, H. 2013. Occurrance in Korea of three major soybean viruses, Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYCMV), and Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) revealed by a nationwide survey of soybean fields. Research in Plant Disease. 19(4):313-325.

Interpretive Summary: Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and other viruses cause important diseases of soybean wherever the crop is grown. Whereas SMV is the most commonly occurring virus in soybeans, two new soybean viruses were recently detected as emerging viruses in Korea. A survey of SMV and other viruses occurring in soybean subsistence crop production in Korea was carried out in 2012 to determine the geographic distribution and frequency of these viruses. SMV was found to occur in about 15% of collected samples, with the newly emerging soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) and soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) occurring in about17% and 2.5% of samples, respectively. Mixed infections of either SYMMV with SMV, or SYCMV with SMV, were detected in five samples and one sample, respectively. The results suggest that the newly emerging viruses SYMMV and SYCMV are being spread in farmer-saved seed, rather than by commercial seed. The current information will be of most value to other virologists, and to soybean farmers and breeders, especially in Korea.

Technical Abstract: Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) and soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) were recently isolated in Korea, and it hasn’t been reported how these two viruses were dispersed in Korea. In 2012, we performed a nationwide survey of subsistence soybean farms in Korea. Leaves that appeared to have symptoms of virus infection were collected from the field and a total 682 tissue samples were assayed by PCR using triplex primers detecting SYMMV, SYCMV, and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Among collected tissue samples, 102 were SMV positive, while SYMMV and SYCMV were detected in 116 and 17 tissue samples respectively. No sample showed double infection of SYMMV and SYCMV but there were doubly infected tissue containing SMV plus SYMMV (5 tissue samples) and SMV plus SYCMV (1 tissue sample). Our results suggest that the spread of these viruses resulted from home seed production managed by farmer. Thus, based on our data, in order to prevent possible seed transmission and further damage caused by virus transmission, the use of virus-free commercial soybean seeds is recommended.