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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Tifton, Georgia » Crop Protection and Management Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #313099
Title: An overview on peanut germplasm collection, evaluation, and utilization in China

Author
item JIANG, HUIFANG - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item REN, XIAOPING - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item CHEN, YUNING - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item HUANG, LI - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item ZHOU, XIAOJING - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item LEI, YONG - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item YAN, LIYING - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item WAN, LIYUN - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item LIAO, BOSHOU - Oil Crops Research Institute - China
item UPADHYAYA, HARI - International Crops Research Institute For Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - India
item Guo, Baozhu

Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/8/2014
Publication Date: 11/10/2014
Citation: Jiang, H., Ren, X., Chen, Y., Huang, L., Zhou, X., Lei, Y., Yan, L., Wan, L., Liao, B., Upadhyaya, H.D., Guo, B. 2014. An overview on peanut germplasm collection, evaluation, and utilization in China. Meeting Abstract. Advanced in Arachis through Genomics and Biotechnology meeting, November 10-14, 2014, Savannah, Georgia.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of vegetable oil and protein worldwide, with China being the largest producer during the past two decades. Genetic enhancement has been crucial in peanut industry development in China and many other countries. Systematic collection and preservation of peanut germplasm in China was initiated in early 1950s. To date, a total of 8,439 accessions of A. hypogaea covering all the six botanical types have been collected and preserved under coordination of OCRI-CAAS. Compared to large peanut collections in other countries, relatively more diversified Dragon type (equal to var. hirsuta) landraces have been collected and maintained in China as varieties of this type were most extensively cultivated until the early 20th century. A core collection of 576 accessions, a primary mini core of 298 accessions, and a mini-mini core of 99 accessions have been selected. Differences between the Chinese and ICRISAT mini core collections were comparatively studied. Analysis of SSR markers revealed a higher level of genetic diversity in the Chinese mini core than in the ICRISAT mini core. Elite lines with special traits such as high oil content, resistance to foliar diseases, bacterial wilt, pod rot, aflatoxin, and nematodes have been identified from the Chinese and ICRISAT mini core collections. The Chinese peanut collection is believed to be important sources for bacterial wilt and pod rot resistance, drought tolerance, and high oil content. Association analysis has identified certain molecular markers related with key traits. The identified elite genotypes have been extensively utilized in production and/or in breeding programs. About 40 peanut landraces, mostly belonging to Virginia and Spanish types, have been successfully used as direct or indirect parents of the released improved cultivars (more than 200) during the past five decades. Fuhuasheng and Shitouqi were most extensively involved in breeding as direct or indirect parents in 161 and 52 released cultivars respectively, indicating their unique value in breeding. The improved varieties have played an important role in enhancing peanut productivity and quality.