Equipment modifications for perennial nutsedge control in fallow organic transition

Authors: Johnson, Wiley - Carroll

Submitted to: Proceedings of Southern Weed Science Society
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/19/2014
Publication Date: 1/26/2015
Citation: Johnson, W.C. 2015. Equipment modifications for perennial nutsedge control in fallow organic transition. Proceedings of Southern Weed Science Society. 68:213.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Perennial nutsedges are extremely difficult to control in organic crop transition and production systems. Herbicides suitable for use in certified organic production do not adequately control perennial nutsedges. Cultural and mechanical control are partially effective in controlling perennial nutsedges. It was theorized that tilling fallow sites using a peanut digger would displace perennial nutsedges and predispose weeds to desiccation. Preliminary research and on-farm experiences demonstrated the potential of fallow tillage with a peanut digger to control perennial nutsedges, but performance was inconsistent. Best performance was during hot and dry periods that facilitated desiccation. However, rainfall soon after tillage with the peanut digger substantially lessened control by allowing displaced nutsedges to reestablish. A means to collect nutsedge plants as they fall from the peanut digger would improve consistency. A part of a senior class project, mechanical engineering students from Auburn University designed and constructed a trailer that attaches to a standard two-row peanut digger. In July 2014, the prototype was tested in a fallow site near Tifton, GA heavily infested with yellow nutsedge (<400 plant/m2). The peanut digger and modified trailer removed and collected 99% of the yellow nutsedge plants in several test runs. Two modifications of the prototype are needed before use in replicated research trials: (1.) the hitch between the peanut digger and trailer needs to be modified to place the leading edge of the trailer further under the peanut digger to lessen chances for displaced weeds to fall back onto the soil surface, (2.) the conveyor belt in the trailer needs to be supported with two rollers to prevent sagging due to large volumes of displaced weeds. The modified trailer collects and disposes yellow nutsedge displaced by the peanut digger and offers markedly improved control options in fallow sites during organic transition and production.