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Title: Lectotype designation for seven species names in the Daucus guttatus complex (Apiaceae) from the central and eastern Mediterranean basin

Author
item MARTINEZ-FLORES, FERNANDO - Universidad De Alicante
item ARBIZU, CARLOS - University Of Wisconsin
item REITSMA, KATHLEEN - Iowa State University
item JUAN, ANA - Universidad De Alicante
item Simon, Philipp
item Spooner, David
item CRESPO, MANUEL - Universidad De Alicante

Submitted to: Systematic Botany
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/22/2016
Publication Date: 6/28/2016
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/62958
Citation: Martinez-Flores, F., Arbizu, C.I., Reitsma, K., Juan, A., Simon, P.W., Spooner, D.M., Crespo, M.B. 2016. Lectotype designation for seven species names in the Daucus guttatus complex (Apiaceae) from the central and eastern Mediterranean basin. Systematic Botany. 41(2):464-478. doi: 10.1600/036364416X691849.

Interpretive Summary: Carrot is technically known by the Latin name Daucus carota. This cultivated plant has 20-25 wild species relatives, known by other technical Latin names, one of which is Daucus guttatus. Daucus guttatus is part of a complex of 2-4 very similar species growing from central and northern Italy to the Middle East. Because these species are so similar, no one is sure about how many species there really are, or how to tell them apart. This paper forms a pair submitted to the same journal at the same time, this paper figuring out the nomenclature of these similar species, and the companion paper using DNA sequence data and morphological data (the outward form of the plant) to clarify the number of species and their proper names. Historical data are reported to justify the choice of these names that, in concert with the data from the companion paper allows us to know that there are four species with the technical names Daucus bicolor, Daucus conchitae, Daucus guttatus, and Daucus setulosus. This information is needed to clarify the names of these species in germplasm collections, and for other studies using these species in breeding or other studies.

Technical Abstract: The Daucus guttatus complex includes 2-4 species growing from central and northern Italy to the Middle East. They are characterized by being usually annuals up to 50 cm high; and the primary umbels up to 7 cm in diameter with less than 25(35) rays. Discolored umbels are frequent, bearing one to several dark colored umbellules which form different color patterns; and fruits are relatively small, ca. 2-4.5 mm. The taxonomy of this very complicated group has not been satisfactorily resolved to date and is the focus of current research. Seven names of species belonging to the D. guttatus complex occurring in the central and eastern Mediterranean basin are typified here: Daucus bicolor Sm., Daucus broteri Ten., Daucus guttatus Sm., Daucus hirsutus DC., Daucus michelii Caruel, Daucus setulosus Guss. ex DC. and Daucus speciosus Ces. Historical data are reported to justify lectotype and/or epitype selection, and also some morphological and distributional data are described to facilitate identification. The resulting typifications will allow properly naming the clades identified in an accompanying integrated molecular and morphological companion study, which thus will help to clarification of the D. guttatus complex.