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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Auburn, Alabama » Soil Dynamics Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #325384
Title: Evaluation of tillage, cover crop, & herbicide effects on weed control, yield and grade in peanut?

Author
item WILLIAMS, JACOB - Auburn University
item Price, Andrew
item MCELROY, JOSEPH - Auburn University
item GUERTAL, ELIZABETH - Auburn University
item TREDAWAY-DUCAR, JOYCE - Auburn University
item XI, STEVE - Auburn University
item TUBBS, RONALD - University Of Georgia

Submitted to: Weed Science Society of America Meeting Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/15/2016
Publication Date: 2/15/2016
Citation: Williams, J., Price, A.J., Mcelroy, J.S., Guertal, E.A., Tredaway-Ducar, J., Xi, S., Tubbs, R.S. 2016. Evaluation of tillage, cover crop, & herbicide effects on weed control, yield and grade in peanut?. Weed Science Society of America Meeting Abstracts. CDROM.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Peanut production continues to play a large role in agriculture in the Southeastern United States and weed challenges persist. Therefore, it is important to reduce weed competition in peanut to protect yield and grade. With traditional use of herbicides for weed control in peanut and rotational crops, the frequency of herbicide resistant weeds has grown. Because of this, alternative integrated methods of weed control must be investigated to maintain crop yield and quality, and increasingly to combat herbicide resistant weeds and their development. Conservation tillage is a production method that can offer weed suppression through use of high-residue cover crops and needs further investigation due to agronomic and cover crop/herbicide interference concerns. Thus, an experiment was established evaluating tillage, cover crop, and herbicide use intensity conducted as a split-plot design with tillage type as the main plot and herbicide application intensity as the sub plot. The main plot treatments were 1) conventional tillage including a moldboard plow, 2) conservation tillage winter weedy fallow utilizing spring within-row non-inversion tillage, and 3) conservation tillage using cereal rye as a cover crop and spring within-row non-inversion tillage. Sub plot treatments included: 1) Flumioxazin (3 oz/acre) early PRE, 2) Diclosulam (.45 oz/acre) PRE at planting, and 3) Imazapic (4 fl oz/acre) early POST, 4) Flumioxazin (3 oz/acre) early PRE followed by Imazapic (4 fl oz/acre) early POST, 5) Diclosulam (.45 oz/acre) PRE followed by Imazapic (4 oz/acre) early POST, or 6) non-treated. Weed control ratings were taken along with yield. Yield from conventional tillage (4113 kg/ha) was shown to be significantly higher than winter fallow (3328 kg/ha), but not significantly higher than conservational tillage (3792 kg/ha). Results also show that a PRE and POST herbicide system are the most effective at improving yield (5103 kg/ha), whereas applying herbicide only at the time of planting or late POST is less effective (2903 kg/ha and 3967 kg/ha, respectively). Weed control was higher under the conventional tillage system for crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and morningglory (Jaquemontia tamnifolia) (95%, 84%, and 87%, respectively). Conservation tillage provided comparable control relative to conventional tillage for sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) (93% and 93% respectively in conservation tillage and 91% and 94% in conventional tillage). In general, integrated weed management systems provided adequate weed control and yield protection in conservation systems as compared to winter fallow or conventional peanut systems.