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Title: Molecular, serological and biological characterization of the emerging tomato mottle mosaic virus on tomato

Author
item SUI, XUELIAN - Fujian Agriculture And Forest University
item Li, Rugang
item Padmanabhan, Chellappan
item Ling, Kai-Shu

Submitted to: Acta Horticulturae
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/17/2016
Publication Date: 9/11/2018
Citation: Sui, X., Li, R., Padmanabhan, C., Ling, K. 2018. Molecular, serological and biological characterization of the emerging tomato mottle mosaic virus on tomato. In: E. Moriones, R. Fernandex-Munoz and C.R. Beuzon, editors. Proceedings of the V International Symposium on Tomato Diseases: Perspectives and Future Directions in Tomato Protection. June 13-16, 2016. Malaga, Spain. p.281-285.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1207.39

Interpretive Summary: N/A

Technical Abstract: For many years, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are the two major tobamoviruses that have a serious impact on tomato productions worldwide. These seed-borne and mechanically transmitted viruses are difficult to control. The most effective disease management has been the use of disease resistant tomato cultivars. Since the first discovery of Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) on tomato from Mexico in 2013, this virus has been identified in Florida and New York in the U.S. as well as several other countries (i.e., Brazil, China, and Israel). With strong sequence identities, approximately 85% to ToMV and 80% to TMV, there is a need to characterize their serological and biological relationships. In ELISA, both TMV and ToMV antibodies could produce relatively strong cross reactivity to ToMMV. Such serological cross reactivity was also confirmed when ToMV immunostrips were also used for test of ToMMV infected samples. To evaluate whether the emerging ToMMV could break the disease resistance on tomato cultivars that were bred for resistance to TMV and ToMV, three commercial tomato cultivars (designated as B, E, and I) were screened along with the control “Moneymaker” in greenhouse through mechanical inoculation. ‘Moneymaker’ was susceptible to all three tobamoviruses, but showed some recovery (tolerance), suggesting the virus cultures and inoculation were successful. Even though the cultivar ‘E’ was fully resistant and the cultivar ‘I’ was fully susceptible to all three tobamoviruses, the situation for cultivar ‘B’ was more complicate. Although cultivar ‘B’ has a full resistance to TMV and ToMV, we observed only a partial resistance to ToMMV, with segregating population. This resistance breaking in the cultivar ‘B’ by the emerging ToMMV is a serious concern to the tomato growers. The mechanism of such resistance breaking has yet to be determined.