A novel photo-biological engineering method for Salvia miltiorrhiza-mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles using LED lights sources and its effectiveness against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae and microbial pathogens

Authors: LEE, JEONG-HO - Sunchang Research Institute; VELMURUGAN, PALANIVEL - Chonbuk National University; PARK, JUNG-HEE - Chonbuk National University; MURUGAN, KADARKARAI - Thiruvalluvar University; Lovanh, Nanh; PARK, YOOL-JIN - Chonbuk National University; OH, BYUNG-TAEK - Chonbuk National University; VENKATACHALAM, PERUMAL - Periyar University; BENELLI, GIOVANNI - University Of Pisa

Submitted to: Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/29/2017
Publication Date: 1/30/2018
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/5664950
Citation: Lee, J., Velmurugan, P., Park, J., Murugan, K., Lovanh, N.C., Park, Y., Oh, B., Venkatachalam, P., Benelli, G. 2018. A novel photo-biological engineering method for Salvia miltiorrhiza-mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles using LED lights sources and its effectiveness against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae and microbial pathogens. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 101:178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2017.03.010.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2017.03.010

Interpretive Summary: The ever-increasing appetite for high protein diet along with the increasing population growth has put a great pressure on our livestock production systems. To increase profit margin along with productivity, the utilization of antibiotics to protect livestocks from diseases and as growth promoters has contributed to the widespread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. Thus, it is necessary to find a simple and environmental friendly way to counter or reduce the proliferation of these antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment by utilizing naturally occurring antimicrobial agents. Naturally occurring nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties hold a great promise in this arena. Among the diverse metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained more importance in the scientific community due to their antimicrobial properties as well as their wide applications in medicine, biology, material sciences, physics, chemistry, their unique properties/use as catalysts/electrocatalysts, polymer membranes, sensor design applications, coatings for antifouling of water treatment systems, plastics, nano fiber, antimicrobial textiles, fuel cells, and active membranes. In this study, nontoxic, eco-friendly methods in synthesizing of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts along with different sources of radiation were carried out to study their effects on pathogens and disease carrier vectors such as mosquito larvae. The results show that AgNPs fabricated from sunlight have a remarkable antimicrobial properties and can serve as mosquito larvicide. Therefore, the present study provides a potential eco-friendly and sustainable way for the synthesis of antimicrobial nanoparticles from phyto-extracts and natural sources of radiation that may be quite potent in reducing pathogens in the environment.

Technical Abstract: In this study, Salvia miltiorrhiza-synthesized Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using sunlight or various LED lights were studied for their biophysical features and evaluated as larvicides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and growth inhibitors on different species of microbial pathogens. AgNPs production post-exposure to sunlight or different LED light conditions (i.e. blue, red, green, and white) was confirmed by characteristic surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) at maximum l of 430, 420, 460, 450, and 460 nm, respectively. Optimization of pH, reducing extract concentration, metal ion concentration and time elapsed from the nano-biosynthesis was achieved. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) showed that most AgNPs was spherical, triangular and oval, with average size of 18.5, 28.02, 50.22, 16.26 and 10.12 nm for white, green, red, blue and sunlight, respectively. XRD confirmed the all the obtained AgNPs showed face centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice. FT-IR analysis of all synthesized AgNPs indicated the involvement of phenol, amine, hydroxyl and amino groups in the reduction of nano- Ag. All tested AgNPs inhibited the growth of Brevibacterium linens (KACC-14346), Propionibacterium acnes (KACC 11946), Staphylococcus aureus (KACC-10768) and Staphylococcus epidermidis. As a general trend, larvicidal assays conducted on dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes aegypti showed that, after 48 h of exposure, the toxicity achieved by sunlight-fabricated AgNPs was slightly higher if compared to AgNPs fabricated using various LED lights. Overall, our research highlighted the importance of abiotic parameters, with special reference to light condition, during green nanosynthesis of antimicrobials and larvicides.