The role of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane in the suppression of postprandial inflammatory markers and bone turnover in obese and overweight adults: an exploratory study.

Authors: ROGERS, TARA - University Of California; DEMMER, ELIEKE - University Of California; RIVERA, NANCY - University Of California; Gertz, Erik; GERMAN, BRUCE - University Of California; SMILOWITZ, JENNIFER - University Of California; ZIVKOVIC, ANGELA - University Of California; Van Loan, Marta

Submitted to: Nutrition and Metabolism
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/8/2017
Publication Date: 5/17/2017
Citation: Rogers, T.S., Demmer, E., Rivera, N., Gertz, E.R., German, B.J., Smilowitz, J.T., Zivkovic, A.M., Van Loan, M.D. 2017. The role of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane in the suppression of postprandial inflammatory markers and bone turnover in obese and overweight adults: an exploratory study.. Nutrition and Metabolism. 14: 001-009 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0189-z..

Interpretive Summary: Many factors can contribute to increased bone loss including inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake, lack of physical activity and overall poor diet quality to name a few. More recently research has suggested that a high fat diet may induce an inflammatory response throughout the body and in turn initiate bone resorption. We explored the relationship between inflammation and bone turnover in overweight and obese men and women following a high fat meal with and without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to suppress postprandial inflammatory markers. Participants consumed four different meals with different fat content. Blood was taken prior to the meal and repeated post meal for up to 6 hours. The high fat meals that contained the MFGM demonstrated the greatest reduction in bone resorption. We did not find a significant interaction between the different meals and MFGM for bone or inflammatory markers; suggesting that the MFGM alone did not directly impact bone resorption. However, identifying foods and ingredients that maximize the suppression of bone loss is an important area of research as well as understanding the role of foods and ingredients to reduce inflammation; all of which could lead to improved health

Technical Abstract: Background: Inflammation is associated with increased bone resorption; the role of inflammation in postprandial bone turnover has not been explored. Consumption of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) reduces inflammation in animal models. This study aimed to measure postprandial changes in bone turnover after intake of high saturated fat test meals, with and without the anti-inflammatory ingredient MFGM. Methods: Subjects (n= 36 adults) were obese (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI25–29.9 kg/m2) with two traits of Metabolic Syndrome. Subjects consumed a different test meal on four occasions at random; blood draws were taken at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 h postprandial. Test meals included whipping cream (WC), WC + MFGM, palm oil (PO) and PO + MFGM. Biomarkers of bone turnover and inflammation were analyzed from all four time points. Results: Test meal (treatment) by time interactions were significant for bone resorption marker C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) (p< 0.0001) and inflammatory marker interleukin 10 (IL-10) (p= 0.012). Significant differences in overall postprandial response among test meals were found for CTX and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), with the greatest overall postprandial suppression of CTX occurring in meals containing MFGM. However, test meal by MFGM interactions were non- significant for bone and inflammatory markers. Correlations between CTX and inflammatory markers were non-significant. Conclusion: This exploratory analysis advances the study of postprandial suppression of bone turnover by demonstrating differing effects of high SFA meals that contained MFGM; however MFGM alone did not directly moderate the difference in postprandial CTX response among test meals in this analysis. These observations may be useful for identifying foods and ingredients which maximize the suppression of bone resorption, and for generating hypotheses to test in future studies examining the role of inflammation in postprandial bone turnover