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Title: Genomic diversity and macroecology of the crop wild relatives of domesticated pea

Author
item SMYKAL, PETR - Palacky University
item HRADILOVÁ, IVETA - Palacky University
item TRNENÝ, OLDRICH - Agricultural Research, Ltd Troubsko
item BRUS, JAN - Palacky University
item RATHORE, ABHISHEK - International Crops Research Institute For Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - India
item BARIOTAKIS, MICHAEL - University Of Greece - Crete
item DAS, ROMA RANI - International Crops Research Institute For Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - India
item BHATTACHARYYA, DEBJYOTI - Assam Agricultural University
item Richards, Christopher
item Coyne, Clarice - Clare
item PIRINTSOS, STERGIOS - University Of Greece - Crete

Submitted to: Nature Scientific Reports
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/29/2017
Publication Date: 12/12/2017
Citation: Smykal, P., Hradilová, I., Trnený, O., Brus, J., Rathore, A., Bariotakis, M., Das, R., Bhattacharyya, D., Richards, C.M., Coyne, C.J., Pirintsos, S. 2017. Genomic diversity and macroecology of the crop wild relatives of domesticated pea. Nature Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41498-017-17623-4.

Interpretive Summary: This is the first comprehensive study of the biogeography of two species of wild pea, which is described using both spatial and genetic data. Analyses combined genome-wide diversity data using genetic markers called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with spatial modelling of the species distribution in the Near East under past and current climatic conditions. The contraction and expansion of the species' biogeographic ranges since the end of the Cretaceous Period were estimated and are used to explain the diversity and geneflow within and among populations. The study also estimated the effects of future climate on both the diversity and distribution of these species, which supports prioritization of some conservation strategies for this important plant genetic resource.

Technical Abstract: There is growing interest in conservation and utilization of crop wild relatives (CWR) in international food security policy and research. Pea is an emblematic plant, as it is linked to Mendel’s discovery of the laws of inheritance, belongs to the ancient set of cultivated plants of the Near East domestication centre and is still an important crop today. Based on genome-wide analysis, P. fulvum was identified as well supported species, while the diversity of wild P. sativum subsp. elatius was structured into 5 clusters. We explored macroecological patterns of wild pea in the Mediterranean Basin and the Fertile Crescent in relation to the past, current and future climate suitability. This study revealed that the isolation-by-distance does not explain their genetic structure in their westwards expansion from their centers of origin. The genetic diversity of wild pea may be driven by Miocene-Pliocene events, while the species diversity centers may reflect Pleisto- Holocene climatic changes. Most of the haplotypes are predicted to vanish from their current distribution areas in Europe by the 2070, while the rest of them are expected to shift to more xeric shrublands,setting the urgent need to revise the hitherto conservation priorities.