Comparative analysis of mosqito (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedes aegypti Liston) responses to the insecticide Temephos and plant derived essential oil derived from Piper betle

Authors: VASANTHA-SRINIVASAN, PROBHAKARAN - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); SENTHIL-NATHAN, SENGOTAYAN - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); PONSANKAR, ARTHIRSTAM - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); THANIGAIVEL, ANNAMALAI - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); EDWIN, EDWARD - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); SELIN-RANI, SELVARAJ - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); CHELLAPPANDIAN, MUTHIAH - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); PRADEEPA, VENKATRAMAN - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); LIJA-ESCALINE, JALASTEEN - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (MSU); KALAIVANI, KANDASWAMY - Sri International; Hunter, Wayne; DURAIPANDIYAN, VEERAMUTHA - King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology; AL-DHABI, NAIF - King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology

Submitted to: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/11/2017
Publication Date: 1/16/2017
Citation: Vasantha-Srinivasan, P., Senthil-Nathan, S., Ponsankar, A., Thanigaivel, A., Edwin, E.S., Selin-Rani, S., Chellappandian, M., Pradeepa, V., Lija-Escaline, J., Kalaivani, K., Hunter, W.B., Duraipandiyan, V., Al-Dhabi, N.A. 2017. Comparative analysis of mosqito (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedes aegypti Liston) responses to the insecticide Temephos and plant derived essential oil derived from Piper betle. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 139:439-466.

Interpretive Summary: Insecticide resistance development is a problem where insecticides are heavily used. Evaluation of a plant extracted oil compound as a 'green pesticide' was compared to treatments with Temephos. Evaluations on two insect populations either Wild strain, or a susceptible laboratory strain were measured. The susceptible lab strain had greater mortality when treated with Temephos (0.1 mg/L), with no mortality of chemically treated field strains. However, both the wild type strain and lab strain showed increased larval mortality when treated with the plant derived oil compound Pb-CVO (1.5 mg/L). Visual observations of the midgut revealed cytotoxicity from sub-lethal concentrations of Temephos (0.04 mg/L) and Pb-CVO (1.0 mg/L) in both insect strains. Plant derived chemical compounds may provide new insecticides for current insecticide resistant insects.

Technical Abstract: Insecticide resistance development is a problem where insecticides are heavily used. Evaluation of a plant extracted oil compound as a 'green pesticide' was compared to treatments with Temephos. Evaluations on two insect populations either Wild strain (WS), or a susceptible laboratory strain (LS), were measured. The susceptible LS strain had greater mortality when treated with Temephos (0.1 mg/L), with no mortality of chemically treated WS field strains. However, both the WS and LS showed increased larval mortality when treated with the plant derived oil compound Pb-CVO (1.5 mg/L). The LC50 of Temephos was 0.027 mg in LS, but increased in WS to 0.081 mg/L. The LC50 of Pb-CVO treatment was observed at concentrations of 0.72 and 0.64 mg/L for LS and WS strains respectively. The enzyme level of a- and ß-carboxylesterase was reduced significantly in both strains treated with Pb-CVO. Whereas, there was a prominent deviation in the enzyme ratio observed between LS and WS treated with Temephos. The Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Cytochrome P450 levels were upregulated in the LS, but decreased in WS, after treatment with Temephos. Visual observations of the midgut revealed cytotoxicity from sub-lethal concentrations of Temephos (0.04 mg/L) and Pb-CVO (1.0 mg/L) in both insect strains. Plant derived chemical compounds may provide new insecticides for current insecticide resistant insects.