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Research Project: Monitoring and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Bacteria

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Title: Analysis of metal and biocides resistance genes in drug resistance and susceptible Salmonella enterica from food animals

Author
item GUPTA, SUSHIM - Orise Fellow
item SHARMA, POONAM - Orise Fellow
item MCMILLAN, ELIZABETH - University Of Georgia
item Barrett, John
item Hiott, Lari
item Jackson, Charlene
item MCCLELLAND, MICHAEL - University Of California
item Frye, Jonathan

Submitted to: American Society for Microbiology General Meeting
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/22/2018
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Background Generally drug resistant bacteria carry antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal and biocide resistance genes on large conjugative plasmids. The presence of these metal and biocide resistance genes in susceptible bacteria are not assessed comprehensively. Hence, WGS data of susceptible and resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from food animals were analyzed to identify metal and biocide resistance genes (RG). Methods Drug resistant (n = 121) and susceptible (n = 73) Salmonella enterica isolated from food animals (chicken, swine, etc.) were subjected to WGS using an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Sequences were assembled using A5-miseq assembler and annotated with Prokka. The assembled contigs were queried using blast against ARG-ANNOT and BacMet databases, to detect antibiotics, metals, and biocides RG. The contigs carrying RG were further analyzed for their plasmidic or chromosomal origin. Results High concordance was observed between phenotypic and predicted RG. Highest (53%) and lowest (1%) number of RG were detected from aminoglycosides and rifampin antibiotics classes respectively. Major metal and biocide RG were detected in all the isolates : baeSR:Cu/Zn/sodium deoxycholate, corA/C:Co/Mg/Mn, cuiD:Cu/H2O2, mgtA:Mg, modA/B/C/D:W/Mo, sitA/B/C:Mn/Fe/H2O2, sodA:Se/H2O2, tehA/B:Te/proflavin, yddG:methyl viologen, znuA/B/C:Zn, zraS/R:Pb/Zn and zupT: Zn. The tellurite RG cassette (terABCDEZW, n=21) and quarternary ammonium compound-resistance gene (qacE, n-52) was detected in resistant strains and carried antibiotic RG. The copper (pcoABCDE, n=37R, n=6S) and arsenic (arsABCD, n=40R, n=20S) RG cassettes were detected in susceptible and resistant isolates and antibiotic RG were detected in some of these resistance genes carrying fragments. Conclusions WGS data analysis accurately predicted the RG and plasmidic and chromosomic origin of contigs. Antibiotic RG were observed on the contigs carrying metal and biocide RG and presence of metals and biocides might be selecting for antibiotic RG and vice versa, Hence, resistant and susceptible Salmonella spp. have a greater potential to adjust to hostile environments containing metals and biocides.