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Research Project: Countermeasures to Control and Eradicate Foreign Animal Diseases of Swine

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Title: Identification of structural glycoprotein E2 domain critical to mediate Classical Swine Fever Virus replication in SK6 cells

Author
item Borca, Manuel
item Holinka-Patterson, Lauren
item RAMIREZ-MEDINA, E - University Of Connecticut
item VUONO, E.A. - Oak Ridge Institute For Science And Education (ORISE)
item BERGGREN, K - Oak Ridge Institute For Science And Education (ORISE)
item Gladue, Douglas

Submitted to: Virology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/2/2018
Publication Date: 10/16/2018
Citation: Borca, M.V., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., Ramirez-Medina, E., Vuono, E., Berggren, K., Gladue, D.P. 2018. Identification of structural glycoprotein E2 domain critical to mediate Classical Swine Fever Virus replication in SK6 cells. Virology. 526:38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.004.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.004

Interpretive Summary: Classical swine fever (CSF) is a devastating disease in pigs. One of the structural viral proteins E2 is thought to be responsible for determining which species of animals the virus is able to infect. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes disease in pigs and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes disease in cattle. Both of these viruses are very similar on the amino acid level with only a small percentage of differences. In this report we made a series of chimera viruses containing different portions of sequences of E2 from either CSFV or BVDV. These viruses were then tested for the ability to grow in a swine cell line. We determined that the ability of CSFV to grow in swine cells is due to a small piece of E2. When these amino acids are changed to BVDV the resulting virus loses its ability to grow in swine cells.

Technical Abstract: E2, the major envelope glycoprotein of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), is involved in several critical virus functions. In order to analyze the role of E2 in host range susceptibility and virus replication a series of recombinant CSFVs harboring chimeric forms of E2 CSFV Brescia isolate and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain NADL were created and tested for their ability to infect a swine (SK6) or a bovine (MDBK) cell lines. Substitution of individual domains in CSFV Brescia E2 by the homologous domain from BVDV NADL produces chimeras that replicate with different efficiency in SK6 cells with the exception of a chimera that harbors BVDV residues 93 to 181. Further mapping revealed that the critical E2 residues supporting virus replication are residues 138 to 157 of glycoprotein E2 and that this region is the minimal critical area required for CSFV replication in SK6 cells.