"Serum concentration of acute phase proteins and cytokines in vaccinated pigs challenged against food-and-mouth disease virus serotype O"

Authors: LEE, KYUNG-WOO - Konkuk University; KIM, DA-HYE - Konkuk University; LEE, KWANG-NYEONG - Animal And Plant Quarantine Agency; Lillehoj, Hyun; PARK, JONG-HYEONG - Animal And Plant Quarantine Agency

Submitted to: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/4/2018
Publication Date: 4/4/2019
Citation: Lee, K., Kim, D., Lee, K., Lillehoj, H.S., Park, J. 2019. "Serum concentration of acute phase proteins and cytokines in vaccinated pigs challenged against food-and-mouth disease virus serotype O". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180190.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180190

Interpretive Summary: Viral disease such as Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep and pigs. Recently, inactivated oil vaccines isolated in Korea were developed and was found to be effective as a vaccine in livestock. Vaccination of cattle with this vaccine reduced inflammatory response associated with this infection. In this short communication, South Korean scientists reported that pigs immunized with or without FMD vaccine elicited different kinetics of cytokines in serum samples upon FMD virus challenge. FMD infection rapidly induces serum APPs in the vaccinated pigs, but it causes a delayed acute phase protein (APP) production in the non-vaccinated pigs. Based on our findings, it is likely that some proteins such as APP, when used singly or in combination, can be considered a useful tool to detect the early stage of FMD infection, but their use in the vaccinated pigs is limited due to either the negligible or short-lived response. This report will provide important information for scientists who are trying to develop disease-associated biomarkers for FMD.

Technical Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the circulating kinetics of serum acute phase proteins and cytokines in serum forming immunized or naive pigs following the subsequent challenge infection with field isolate of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. Five-month-old SPF pigs were intramuscularly immunized with or without the 146S antigen (7.5 µg per head) purified from FMD virus (O/Andong/SKR/2010), and challenged with FMD virus on each footpad at 30 days’ post vaccination (dpv). Serum samples were obtained at 28 dpv, and 1, 3, and 5 days’ post challenge infection (dpi). At 28 dpv, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) were higher (P<0.05) in the immunized compared to unvs. non-immunized control pigs. Upon challenge, the levels of all measured acute phase proteins (i.e., CRP, major acute phase protein[MAP], S-amyloid A[SAA], and haptoglobin) plateaued at 1 dpi in the immunized pigs while gradually increased up to 5 dpi in the non-immunized control pigs. Serum TNFa levels remained higher in the immunized, challenged pigs compared with the non-immunized, challenged pigs. Serum concentration of interleukin (IL)6 in the immunized, challenged pigs was not detected at all times, but appeared to increase upon challenge in the non-immunized, challenged pigs. IL1ß was not detected in any of that were used in this study the all pigs at all times. Collectively, our study shows that the immunized vs. non-immunized pigs exhibited quick prompt response of serum acute phase proteins following subsequent challenge with field FMD virus. Key Words: C-reactive protein, major acute phase protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, foot and mouth disease