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ARS Home » Plains Area » Clay Center, Nebraska » U.S. Meat Animal Research Center » Livestock Bio-Systems » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #359390
Research Project: Improving Lifetime Productivity in Swine

Location: Livestock Bio-Systems

Title: Neonatal birth weight effects on gilt development growth and first parity reproductive efficiency

Author
item SUPAKORN, CHINA - Iowa State University
item Lents, Clay
item MARTINEZ, X - Smithfield Foods, Inc
item Vallet, Jeff
item BOYD, R - Hanor Family Of Companies
item DEDECKER, A - Smithfield Foods, Inc
item STALDER, K - Iowa State University

Submitted to: Journal of Animal Science Supplement
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/8/2018
Publication Date: 7/29/2019
Citation: Supakorn, C., Lents, C.A., Martinez, X., Vallet, J.L., Boyd, R.D., Dedecker, A.E., Stalder, K.J. 2019. Neonatal birth weight effects on gilt development growth and first parity reproductive efficiency [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science. 97(Supplement 2):146. Abstract 351. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.259.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.259

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: There has been a great deal of interest in gilt development characteristics that predict gilt growth and reproductive traits and which could be measured and manipulated early in the gilt’s lifetime. The objective of the study was to determine neonatal birth weight effects on gilt development growth performance and parity 1 sow reproductive performance traits. Data were collected from 1,052 litters housed at Circle 4 Farms, Milford, UT. A total of 2,960 crossbred Large White x Landrace maternal line gilts entered the research gilt development unit. Gilts were categorized by their individual neonatal birth weight into 3 groups Group I (= 1.1 kg; n = 772), Group II (1.2 to 1.5 kg; n = 1,356), and Group III (= 1.6 kg; n = 832). Growth and reproductive trait least square means (±SE) for each birth weight group were analyzed and compared among birth weight groups using PROC GLM. Fixed effects in the model included birth weight, farm, and development diet with the random effect of pen within a room. Neonatal birth weight group was a significant (P < 0.05) source of variation for gilt growth in development, number born alive, and litter birth weight at first parity. Gilts from the largest birth weight group had significantly (P < 0.05) larger BW at 100 (45.1 ± 0.3 kg), and BW 200 days (125.7 ± 0.7 kg), faster average daily gain (0.81 ± 0.005 kg), larger BW at puberty (137.7 ± 0.8 kg), larger BW at farrowing (201.1 ± 1.2 kg), larger BW at post-weaning (195.0 ± 1.0 kg), larger number born alive (11.8 ± 0.1), larger litter birth weights (18.2 ± 0.2 kg). The largest birth weight group tended (P > 0.05) to wean more pigs (9.0 ± 0.2) and have greater litter weaning weights (48.8 ± 1.04 kg) at first parity when compared to gilts from the other two birth weight groups. Improving neonatal birth weight will improve gilt development and productivity through first parity.