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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Boston, Massachusetts » Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #368656
Title: Impact of gut dysbiosis on neurohormonal pathways in chronic kidney disease

Author
item JAZANI, NIMA - University Of California
item SAVOJ, JAVAD - University Of California
item LUSTGARTEN, MICHAEL - Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging At Tufts University
item LAU, WEI LING - University Of California
item VAZIRI, NOSRATOLA - University Of California

Submitted to: Diseases
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/8/2019
Publication Date: 2/13/2019
Citation: Jazani, N.H., Savoj, J., Lustgarten, M., Lau, W., Vaziri, N.D. 2019. Impact of gut dysbiosis on neurohormonal pathways in chronic kidney disease. Diseases. 7(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010021.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010021

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the progression of CKD and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of the normal gut microbiota, and then elaborate on how alterations in the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract in CKD can affect gut microbiota. External factors such as dietary restrictions, medications, and dialysis further promote dysbiosis. We discuss the impact of an altered gut microbiota on neuroendocrine pathways such as the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, tryptophan metabolism, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, therapeutic strategies including diet modification, intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are reviewed.