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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Athens, Georgia » U.S. National Poultry Research Center » Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #369039
Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Prevent and Control Disease Outbreaks Caused by Emerging Strains of Avian Influenza Viruses

Location: Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research

Title: Pathobiological origins and evolutionary history of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Author
item LEE, DONG-HUN - University Of Connecticut
item CRIADO, MIRIA - Consultant
item Swayne, David

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/1/2019
Publication Date: 1/21/2020
Citation: Lee, D., Criado, M., Swayne, D.E. 2020. Pathobiological origins and evolutionary history of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. In: Neumann, G., Kawaoka, Y., editors. Perspective In Medicine. Woodbury, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 10(6):a038679. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a038679.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a038679

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have mostly arisen from low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses via changes in the hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site which include mutation of multiple non-basic to basic amino acids, duplication of basic amino acids or recombination with insertion of cellular or viral amino acids. Between 1959-2019, a total of 42 natural, independent H5 (n=15) and H7 (n=27) LPAI to HPAI virus conversion events have occurred in Europe (n = 16), North America (n = 9), Oceania (n = 7), Asia (n = 5), Africa (n = 4), and South America (n = 1). Thirty-eight of these HPAI outbreaks were limited in number of poultry premised affected and were eradicated. However, poultry outbreaks caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1996(H5Nx), Mexican H7N3, and Chinese H7N9 HPAI lineages have continued. Active surveillance and molecular detection and characterization efforts will provide the best opportunity for early detection and eradication from domestic birds.