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Title: Model of goal directed behavior for limiting Latino preschoolers' television viewing: Validity and reliability

Author
item OGREN, MARISSA - University Of California (UCLA)
item BARANOWSKI, TOM - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item LOWRY, SARAH - Seattle Children'S Research Institute
item MENDOZA, JASON - University Of Washington

Submitted to: BioMed Central(BMC) Public Health
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/24/2020
Publication Date: 2/5/2020
Citation: Ogren, M., Baranowski, T., Lowry, S.J., Mendoza, J.A. 2020. Model of goal directed behavior for limiting Latino preschoolers' television viewing: Validity and reliability. BioMed Central(BMC) Public Health. 20:185. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8268-x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8268-x

Interpretive Summary: There is much national concern about child exposure to screen media with interest in having parents more carefully supervise their children in this regard. To design appropriate and likely to be effective intervention programs, the factors influencing what parents do to influence their child need to be understood. This study had parents complete a questionnaire including variables associated with the Model of Goal Directed Behavior and Screen Media Parenting Practices and tested their validity, reliability and the extent to which the model predicted the parenting practices. The measures achieved acceptable reliability, but only two variables were associated with screen media parenting practices (a test of convergent validity). Acceptable fit was obtained when all the variables were incorporated into the conceptual model to predict screen parenting practices. Thus, the Model of Goal Directed Behavior may provide guidance for the design of screen median education programs, but the model needs to be tested with larger samples and some of the variables refined.

Technical Abstract: Accurately measuring parents' attitudes and beliefs regarding limiting their children's TV viewing is important to inform the design and evaluation of effective interventions. This manuscript assesses the internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and construct validity of the Model of Goal Directed Behavior (MGDB) scales among parents of Latino preschoolers to characterize Latino parents' attitudes and beliefs toward limiting their preschoolers' TV viewing. Participants included parents of Latino preschoolers in the United States, 3-5 years old (n=186). Parents completed a socio-demographic survey and the 105-item MGDB questionnaire (Attitudes, Perceived Positive/Negative Behavioral Control, Subjective Norms, Positive and Negative Anticipated Emotions, Habits, Self-Efficacy, Desires, and Intentions surrounding their child's TV viewing) which was used to measure internal consistency reliability and construct validity. A subsample of participants completed the questionnaire twice to measure test-retest reliability. Further, parents completed a 7-day TV viewing diary for their preschooler, and a TV parenting practices questionnaire as measures of convergent validity. Internal consistency reliability was generally acceptable for the MGDB scales (Cronbach's alphas>0.7), except for the Desires scale, which was revealed to have two factors and the Attitudes and Perceived Behavioral Control scales. Test-retest reliability over 2 months had negligible to moderate correlations (r's=0.28 to 0.61). Two structural equation models were conducted. One yielded acceptable model fit (x**2(97)=113.65, p=.119) and the other had questionable model fit (x**2(97)=125.39; p=.028). Testing convergent validity, only two MGDB scales (Habits and Self-Efficacy) were positively correlated with the TV parenting practices questionnaire (r's=0.33 to 0.51), and none were meaningfully correlated with preschoolers' mean daily TV viewing. Initial reliability and validity for some of the MGDB scales appear acceptable among parents of Latino preschoolers. Refinement of the instrument and testing among larger samples is necessary to fully evaluate psychometric properties. This instrument may be useful for characterizing Latino parents' attitudes and beliefs toward limiting their preschoolers' TV viewing and informing future TV reduction interventions.