Registration of USDA-N7005 soybean germplasm with high yield and 62.5% pedigree from Japanese accessions Tamahikari and PI 416937

Authors: Bagherzadi, Laleh; Fallen, Benjamin; Gillen, Anne; McNeece, Brandon; Mian, Rouf; Song, Qijian; Taliercio, Earl; ZENGLU, LI - University Of Georgia; CARTER, THOMAS - Collaborator

Submitted to: Journal of Plant Registrations
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/10/2022
Publication Date: 6/6/2022
Citation: Bagherzadi, L., Fallen, B.D., Gillen, A.M., Mcneece, B.T., Mian, R.M., Song, Q., Taliercio, E.W., Zenglu, L., Carter, T. 2022. Registration of USDA-N7005 soybean germplasm with high yield and 62.5% pedigree from Japanese accessions Tamahikari and PI 416937. Journal of Plant Registrations. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20209.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20209

Interpretive Summary: The limited genetic diversity in U.S. soybean cultivars is well documented and continues to limit advances in soybean breeding. The primary underlying basis for this problem is that almost all soybeans produced in the U.S. can be traced back to 20 soybean varieties. Plant Introductions (PIs) preserved in the USDA germplasm collection are a potential source of needed genetic variability with which one may expand the genetic base of soybean breeding. Previous research has shown that modern soybean cultivars from Japan are genetically very distinct from Chinese and U.S. cultivars. Thus, Japanese germplasm is a potentially important source of diversity for applied breeding in the U.S. to create novel diversity. USDA-N7005 traces 62.5% of its pedigree to Japanese germplasm and has a higher proportion of exotic germplasm in its pedigree than any other southern USA germplasm released in the past 40 years. In addition to its unique pedigree attributes, this release exhibits superior yield and agronomic traits, as well as resistance to root knot nematode and stem canker. Thus, this new release should be desirable breeding stock for applied breeding.

Technical Abstract: USDA-N7005 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was released by the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in May of 2020. USDA-N7005 is an early maturity group (MG) VII, F4-derived germplasm with excellent yield potential that traces 62.5% of its pedigree to Japanese accessions which are not part of the historical genetic base of US soybean breeding. Currently, Japanese germplasm constitutes only a small portion of the US soybean base. USDA-N7005 was derived from the cross of cultivar USDA-N7002 (PI 647085) x Japanese cultivar Tamahikari (PI 423897). USDA-N7005 traces 12.5% of its ancestry to Japanese land race PI 416937 via USDA-N7002 and additional 50% to Japanese cultivar Tamahikari. USDA-N7005 is the second public release in the USA derived from Tamahikari. Over 13 environments of the United Soybean Board Southern Diversity Yield Trials (USB Diversity Trials) and 19 test environments of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Southern States (Uniform Tests), USDA-N7005 yielded 108% (p<0.05) and 101% of the adapted parent cultivar USDA-N7002, respectively, and matured two to three days earlier. The new release also yielded 100% of check cultivars NC-Roy and USDA-N7003CN, and 96% of cultivar NC-Dilday in the Uniform Tests. USDA-N7005 was similar in height and lodging to parent USDA–N7002 but exhibited elevated seed oil content and larger seed size. USDA-N7005 was resistant to root-knot nematode [RKN, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood)] and stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var meridionalis Fernández], with resistance comparable to that of resistant parent USDA-N7002. The superior agronomic performance and diverse pedigree of USDA-N7005 make it desirable parental stock for broadening the base of U.S. soybean breeding.