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Research Project: National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility Scientists Project

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Title: Recoding the genome of FMDV: A path for the development of live attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates against FMD

Author
item Medina, Gisselle
item Diaz San Segundo, Fayna
item De Los Santos, Teresa

Submitted to: Global Foot-and Mouth Disease Research Alliance (GFRA)
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/20/2023
Publication Date: 6/6/2023
Citation: Medina, G.N., Diaz San Segundo, F.C., De Los Santos, T.B. 2023. Recoding the genome of FMDV: A path for the development of live attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates against FMD. Global Foot-and Mouth Disease Research Alliance (GFRA). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061332.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061332

Interpretive Summary: This article highlights the progress made on the use of codon deoptimization as a platform for developing live attenuated vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease.

Technical Abstract: Recoding of viral RNA genomes using different approaches to alter the use of specific set of codons without affecting their amino acid composition can result in the production of viruses with significant reduction in viral fitness. Use of codon deoptimization (CD) or codon-pair deoptimization(CPD) can serve as a platform for the development of live attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates. Since recoded viruses can still infect and replicate in the host, immune responses developed (innate and adaptive) should provide a level of protection to control disease. In fact, this platform has influenced multiple studies targeted to develop novel LAV candidates against different diseases including those that affect livestock animals (Burns et al., 2006; Mueller et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2015; Velazquez-Salinas et al., 2016; Park et al., 2020). Specifically, in the last few years we have seen an increase in the number of publications related to the use of CD or CPD in viruses when compared to a decade ago (NCBI, 2022). This article highlights the recent progress made in the development of LAVs against FMDV using codon deoptimization and the need to understand the mechanisms of attenuation of the mutant viral strains to improve vaccine safety and efficacy.