Effect of Holstein genotype on ex-vivo innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) during the periparturient period

Authors: BRINK, AMBER - University Of Minnesota; WEBER, WANDA - University Of Minnesota; Lippolis, John; Cole, John; GODDEN, SANDRA - University Of Minnesota; SEVKORA, ANTHONY - University Of Minnesota; CROOKER, BRIAN - University Of Minnesota

Submitted to: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/18/2022
Publication Date: 8/22/2022
Citation: Brink, A.A., Weber, W.J., Lippolis, J.D., Cole, J.B., Godden, S.M., Sevkora, A., Crooker, B.A. 2022. Effect of Holstein genotype on ex-vivo innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) during the periparturient period. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 251. Article 110463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110463.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110463

Interpretive Summary: University of Minnesota divided their Holstein herd in 1964, keeping one half of the herd at the genetic level of that time. The other half of the herd they breed primarily for increase milk production. Significant changes in milk production and health has manifest in the +50 years of genentic separation. This manuscript assesses the ex vivo response of immune cells isolate from these two genetic strains of Holsteins. There was a genotype by LPS dose interaction for IL-1ß as response to the low dose was greater in the 1964 genetics cows but did not differ between genotypes for the high dose. The IL-1ß response was greater while the IL-6 response to LTA tended to be greater in 1964 genetics than in contemporary cows. Results indicate selection since the mid-1960s has decreased ex-vivo, whole blood cytokine response of contemporary cows to LPS and to LTA.

Technical Abstract: Effects of Holstein genotype on innate immune response were assessed with ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulation of whole blood from unselected (UH, n = 10) and contemporary (CH, n = 11) Holsteins that differ in production by more than 4,500 kg/lactation. Blood was collected at -14, 7, 28, and 49 days in milk (DIM), mixed with antigen (0.01 or 1.0 µg LPS or 10 or 100 µg LTA per mL blood) and incubated (4 h, 37°C). Plasma cytokines were quantified by ELISA, log10-transformed and analyzed by repeated measures with DIM as the repeated effect. Cytokine responses increased with antigen dose and decreased as DIM increased. There was a genotype by LPS dose interaction for IL-1ß as response to the low dose was greater in UH but did not differ between genotypes for the high dose. The IL-1ß response was greater while the IL-6 response to LTA tended to be greater in UH than in CH cows. The more negative energy balance of CH cows did not impact genotype difference in cytokine responses. Results indicate selection since the mid-1960s has decreased ex-vivo, whole blood cytokine response of CH cows to LPS and to LTA.