Monoculture of female channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × male blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish mitigates proliferative gill disease caused by Henneguya ictaluri (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in catfish aquaculture ponds

Authors: GRIFFIN, MATT - Mississippi State University; WARE, CYNTHIA - Mississippi State University; ROSSER, THOMAS - Mississippi State University; WOODYARD, ETHAN - Mississippi State University; MISCHKE, CHARLES - Mississippi State University; BYARS, TODD - Mississippi State University; WISE, DAVID - Mississippi State University

Submitted to: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/27/2020
Publication Date: 6/20/2020
Citation: Griffin, M.J., Ware, C., Rosser, T.G., Woodyard, E.T., Mischke, C.C., Byars, T.S., Wise, D.J. 2020. Monoculture of female channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × male blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish mitigates proliferative gill disease caused by Henneguya ictaluri (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in catfish aquaculture ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 51:729-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12695.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12695

Interpretive Summary: Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most damaging diseases affecting U.S. catfish aquaculture. In channel and hybrid catfish, continuous exposure to the actinospore stage of the parasite elicits a destructive branchitis, impairing osmoregulatory and respiratory function. Mortality can reach 100% in severe outbreaks. Despite similarities during acute stages of infection, research indicates arrested development in hybrid catfish, evinced by reduced H. ictaluri sporogenesis and comparably less parasite DNA in hybrid tissues across the developmental timeline. To assess these findings at the pond level, 18, 0.4-ha ponds were stocked (3,000 fish/pond) with channel (n ='9) or hybrid (n = 9) catfish fingerlings and maintained as monoculture systems for three production cycles, with clean harvests and restocking as warranted. Water was collected monthly for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) estimations of H. ictaluri DNA, and sentinel fish were utilized to estimate PGD severity. By the second year, H. ictaluri DNA in hybrid systems was significantly reduced, and PGD lesions in sentinel fish were negligible. Assessment of parasite loads in fish harvested at the termination of the study revealed H. ictaluri DNA in channel catfish to be an order of magnitude higher than hybrid catfish. These results support previous work suggesting that the production of hybrid catfish may reduce PGD incidence in U.S. catfish aquaculture.

Technical Abstract: Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most damaging diseases affecting U.S. catfish aquaculture. In channel and hybrid catfish, continuous exposure to the actinospore stage of the parasite elicits a destructive branchitis, impairing osmoregulatory and respiratory function. Mortality can reach 100% in severe outbreaks. Despite similarities during acute stages of infection, research indicates arrested development in hybrid catfish, evinced by reduced H. ictaluri sporogenesis and comparably less parasite DNA in hybrid tissues across the developmental timeline. To assess these findings at the pond level, 18, 0.4-ha ponds were stocked (3,000 fish/pond) with channel (n ='9) or hybrid (n = 9) catfish fingerlings and maintained as monoculture systems for three production cycles, with clean harvests and restocking as warranted. Water was collected monthly for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) estimations of H. ictaluri DNA, and sentinel fish were utilized to estimate PGD severity. By the second year, H. ictaluri DNA in hybrid systems was significantly reduced, and PGD lesions in sentinel fish were negligible. Assessment of parasite loads in fish harvested at the termination of the study revealed H. ictaluri DNA in channel catfish to be an order of magnitude higher than hybrid catfish. These results support previous work suggesting that the production of hybrid catfish may reduce PGD incidence in U.S. catfish aquaculture.