Location of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different plant parts of determinate and indeterminate soybean

Authors: REISIG, D.D. - North Carolina State University; COOK, D. - Mississippi State University; GREENE, J. - Clemson University; CAPRIO, M - Mississippi State University; GORE, J. - Mississippi State University; MUSSER, F. - Mississippi State University; REAY-JONES, F - Clemson University

Submitted to: Entomological Research Bulletin of
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/24/2020
Publication Date: 6/2/2020
Citation: Reisig, D., Cook, D., Greene, J., Caprio, M., Gore, J., Musser, F., Reay-Jones, F. 2020. Location of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different plant parts of determinate and indeterminate soybean. Entomological Research Bulletin of. 110:725-731. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485320000280.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485320000280

Interpretive Summary: Many Helicoperva spp., including H. armigera, H. punctigera, and H. zea, are important worldwide polyphagous pests. In the USA, H. zea is a damaging pest of many crops including soybean, Glycine max, especially in the southern United States. Oviposition and development of H. zea follow the development pattern of the soybean plant, with oviposition occurring during full bloom, younger larvae developing on blooms and leaves, intermediate aged larvae developing on varying tissue types, and older larvae developing on flowers and pods. In this study natural an artificial infestations of soybean plants with H. zea were studied. In naturally infested soybean most larvae were found on blooms during reproductive stage 3 (R3) and were early to middle instars. In reproductive stage 4 (R4) most larvae were found on leaves and were middle to late instars. In contrast, most larvae were found on leaves of artificially infested soybean plants, regardless of soybean growth stage or larval stage. Determinate and indeterminate growth habit did not impact larval preference for different soybean tissue types. Our studies suggest H. zea larvae prefer specific tissue types, but also provide evidence that experimental design can influence the results. Finally, our finding of larval preference for leaves contrasts with findings from previous studies.

Technical Abstract: Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a damaging pest of many crops including soybean, Glycine max (L.), especially in the southern United States. Previous studies have concluded that oviposition and development of H. zea larvae mirror the phenology of soybean, with oviposition occurring during full bloom, younger larvae developing on blooms and leaves, intermediate aged larvae developing on varying tissue types, and older larvae developing on flowers and pods. In a field trial, we investigated the presence of natural infestations of H. zea larvae by instar in determinate and indeterminate soybean varieties. In complementary experiments, we artificially infested H. zea and allowed them to oviposit on plants within replicated cages (one with a determinate variety and two with an indeterminate variety). Plants were sampled weekly during the time larvae were present. In the natural infestation experiment, most larvae were found on blooms during R3 and were early to middle instars; by R4, most larvae were found on leaves and were middle to late instars. In contrast, in the cage study, most larvae were found on leaves regardless of soybean growth stage or larval stage. Determinate and indeterminate growth habit did not impact larval preference for different soybean tissue types. Our studies suggest H. zea larvae prefer specific tissue types, but also provide evidence that experimental design can influence the results. Finally, our finding of larval preference for leaves contrasts with findings from previous studies.