Influence of soil moisture zones on rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in furrow irrigated rice

Authors: KELLY, F.R. - Mississippi State University; GORE, JEFF - Mississippi State University; COOK, D. - Mississippi State University; CATCHOT, A.L. - Mississippi State University; GOLDEN, B.R. - Mississippi State University; KRUTZ, L.J. - Mississippi State University; CROW, W.D. - Mississippi State University; TOWLES, T.B. - Mississippi State University

Submitted to: Environmental Entomology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/16/2020
Publication Date: 1/22/2021
Citation: Kelly, F., Gore, J., Cook, D., Catchot, A., Golden, B., Krutz, L., Crow, W., Towles, T. 2021. Influence of soil moisture zones on rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in furrow irrigated rice. Environmental Entomology. 50(3):658-662. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa182.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa182

Interpretive Summary: The rice water weevil is an important insect pest of rice in the U.S. It is a semiaquatic species that relies on flooded conditions to complete larval development, so water conservation practices are likely to impact their pest status. A study was conducted across the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain to compare rice water weevil population densities in different zones of a furrow irrigated rice field to a conventionally flooded rice field. All locations were sampled at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after initial irrigation. Larval densities were greatest in the lower end of furrow irrigated fields and in the adjacent flooded rice field compared with the upper and middle sections that did not hold standing water when averaged across three sample dates. Also, rice water weevil densities were greater during week five than week three. In terms of rice yields, the top third of furrow irrigated rice fields, the section that remained mostly dry, produced lower rough rice yields than all other sections and the flooded field. These results suggest that rice water weevil populations can be lower in a furrow irrigated rice system. As a result, more research is needed to determine whether a spatial management plan can be developed based on soil moisture zones in furrow irrigated rice.

Technical Abstract: Water conservation is an important factor for production of rice in the United States because of declining aquifer levels, but little research has been done to evaluate insect management in rice systems integrating water conservation practices. Rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is an important insect pest of rice in the U.S. Rice water weevil is a semiaquatic species that relies on flooded conditions to complete larval development, so water conservation practices are likely to impact their pest status. The study was conducted across the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain to compare rice water weevil population densities in different zones of a furrow irrigated rice field to a conventionally flooded rice field. All locations were sampled at 3, 4, and 5 wk after the initial irrigation. Larval densities were greatest in the lower end of furrow irrigated fields and in the adjacent flooded rice field compared with the upper and middle sections that did not hold standing water when averaged across three sample dates. Also, rice water weevil densities were greater during week five than week three. In terms of rice yields, the top third of furrow irrigated rice fields, the section that remained mostly dry, produced lower rough rice yields than all other sections and the flooded field. These results suggest that rice water weevil populations can be lower in a furrow irrigated rice system. As a result, more research is needed to determine whether a spatial management plan can be developed based on soil moisture zones in furrow irrigated rice.