Current and emerging diagnostic approaches to bacterial diseases of ruminants

Authors: LOY, JOHN - University Of Nebraska; Clawson, Michael - Mike; ADKINS, PAMELA - University Of Missouri; MIDDLETON, JOHN - University Of Missouri

Submitted to: Veterinary Clinics of North America
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/12/2022
Publication Date: 3/1/2023
Citation: Loy, J.D., Clawson, M.L., Adkins, P.R.F., Middleton, J.R. 2023. Current and emerging diagnostic approaches to bacterial diseases of ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice. 39:93-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.10.006.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.10.006

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: The diagnostic approaches and methods to detect bacterial pathogens in ruminants are discussed, with a focus on cattle. Conventional methods using culture, isolation, and characterization are being replaced or supplemented with new methods. These include molecular diagnostics such as real time PCR and whole genome sequencing. Additionally, methods such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry enables rapid identification and enhanced pathogen characterization. These new diagnostic tools can greatly enhance the ability to detect and characterize pathogens, but results and interpretation vary greatly across sample and pathogen types, disease syndromes, assay performance, and other factors. A brief overview of emerging diagnostic methods and their application and interpretation for several clinical diseases is provided.