Early-season growth responses of resistant and susceptible cotton genotypes to reniform nematode and soil potassium application

Authors: SINGH, BHUPINDER - Texas A&M Agrilife; Chastain, Daryl; Stetina, Salliana - Sally; GARDINER, EMILE - Forest Service (FS); SNIDER, JOHN - University Of Georgia

Submitted to: Agronomy
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/17/2022
Publication Date: 11/19/2022
Citation: Singh, B., Chastain, D.R., Stetina, S.R., Gardiner, E.S., Snider, J.L. 2022. Early-season growth responses of resistant and susceptible cotton genotypes to reniform nematode and soil potassium application. Agronomy. 12(11):2895. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112895.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112895

Interpretive Summary: Reniform nematode (RN) is a major problematic pest of cotton in the US Midsouth, which can account for up to an 8% reduction in the annual cotton yield losses due to diseases. This greenhouse study investigated whether any modification in soil potassium (K) application rates (base level, 50, 100, and 150% of recommended K) could directly impact the RN population or indirectly reduce the infection from RN on susceptible genotypes by improving the early-season plant vigor. Additionally, the study investigated if K application shows any interaction with the resistance to RN from resistant genotypes. Overall, the increased rate of K improved the early-season vigor of cotton genotypes. However, it did not reduce the RN population. No interaction between K and RN or genotype and RN was found in early-season cotton growth. The resistant genotypes used in this study showed greater vigor across K application rates compared to susceptible genotypes. This research would be highly useful in developing improved resistance to RN and fertilization management in cotton.

Technical Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the roles that host plant resistance and soil potassium (K) levels play in affecting reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) (reniform nematode, RN) populations and early-season cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth. Two upland, RN-resistant cotton lines (G. barbadense introgressions: 08SS110-NE06.OP and 08SS100), a genetic standard (Deltapine 16) and a commercially available susceptible cultivar (PHY 490 W3FE) were evaluated at four different levels of K [100% of recommended rate, 150% of recommended, 50% of recommended, and a base level] from seeding until harvesting, 60 days after sowing (DAS). Quadratic functions (r2 = 0.82 to 0.95) best described the early-season growth response of cotton genotypes to soil K. The base K level was associated with the lowest values for most morphological variables, including plant height (PH), mainstem nodes (MSN), leaf area, and dry weight at 30 DAS and 60 DAS. However, soil K did not affect RN population counts (RC). Also, soil K did not influence the rate of change in growth variables among genotypes. The resistant genotype 08SS110-NE06.OP showed greater growth in terms of time to first true leaf, PH, MSN, and above-ground dry weights compared to the commercially available susceptible genotype. No interaction between K and RN or genotype and RN was found in early-season cotton growth. However, RC in pots of resistant genotypes was less than in pots of susceptible genotypes. Our research on the early-season growth response to soil K by novel, RN-resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes contributes to the development of improved RN resistance and fertilization management in cotton.