Molecular and Electronic Spectroscopy Methods

Authors: RODGERS, JAMES - Non ARS Employee; Santiago Cintron, Michael

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/24/2023
Publication Date: 7/24/2023
Citation: Rodgers, J., Santiago Cintron, M. 2023. Molecular and Electronic Spectroscopy Methods. Book Chapter. 215-261.

Interpretive Summary: Molecular spectroscopy encompasses methods that are primarily due to electronic and molecular interactions, and which are designed for investigating molecules. For our purposes, the spectroscopic techniques of interest are ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), near infrared (NIR), infrared (IR), and Raman. In most cases, transitions between electronic and molecular states are observed, as well as molecule-specific interactions, when the sample interacts with the energy of light. Property and quality measurements on fiber, textiles, and textile products using spectroscopy techniques have been in use for some time, especially for UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. However, numerous improvements have been made since the last edition of this book in the mid-1980s, especially in the areas of statistical modeling, computer interfacing, and minimization. Thus, only newer techniques, methods, and measurements since the mid-1980s will be covered in this chapter. Details for each method and commonly-used fiber, textiles, and textile auxiliary applications will be presented in the specific sections of this chapter.

Technical Abstract: Molecular spectroscopy encompasses spectroscopic methods that are primarily due to electronic and molecular interactions, and which are designed for investigating molecules. For our purposes, the spectroscopic techniques of interest are ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), near infrared (NIR), infrared (IR), and Raman. Additional techniques are fluorescence and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (TD-NMR). In most cases (with the exception of NMR, in which the nucleus of the atoms in the molecule are excited), transitions between electronic and molecular energy states are observed, as well as molecule-specific vibrational and rotational interactions, when the sample surface is excited. Property and quality measurements on fiber, textiles, and textile auxiliaries using molecular and electronic spectroscopy techniques have been in use for some time, especially for UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. However, numerous instrumental and computational improvements have been made since the last edition in the mid-1980s, especially in the areas of statistical modeling, computer interfacing, and minimization. Thus, only newer techniques, methods, and measurements since the mid-1980s will normally be discussed in this chapter. Details for each method and commonly-used fiber, textiles, and textile auxiliary applications will be presented in the specific sections of this chapter.