Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory

Authors: POETA SILVA, ANA PAULA - Iowa State University; ALMEIDA, MARCELO - Iowa State University; MICHAEL, ALYONA - Iowa State University; RAHE, MICHAEL - Iowa State University; SIEPKER, CHRISTOPHER - Iowa State University; MAGSTADT, DREW - Iowa State University; PINEYRO, PABLO - Iowa State University; Arruda, Bailey; MACEDO, NUBIA - Iowa State University; SAHIN, ORHAN - Iowa State University; GAUGER, PHILIP - Iowa State University; KRUEGER, KAREN - Iowa State University; MUGABI, ROBERT - Iowa State University; STREAUSLIN, JESSICA - Iowa State University; TREVISAN, GIOVANI - Iowa State University; LINHARES, DANIEL - Iowa State University; SILVA, GUSTAVO - Iowa State University; FANO, EDUARDO - Boehringer Ingelheim; MAIN, RODGER - Iowa State University; SCHWARTZ, KENT - Iowa State University; BURROUGH, ERIC - Iowa State University; DERSCHEID, RACHEL - Iowa State University; SITTHICHAROENCHAI, PANCHAN - Iowa State University; CLAVIJO, MARIA - Pig Improvement Company

Submitted to: BMC Veterinary Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/7/2023
Publication Date: 12/12/2023
Citation: Poeta Silva, A.S., Almeida, M., Michael, A., Rahe, M.C., Siepker, C., Magstadt, D.R., Pineyro, P., Arruda, B.L., Macedo, N.R., Sahin, O., Gauger, P., Krueger, K., Mugabi, R., Streauslin, J.S., Trevisan, G., Linhares, D., Silva, G.S., Fano, E., Main, R., Schwartz, K.J., Burrough, E.R., Derscheid, R.J., Sitthicharoenchai, P., Clavijo, M.J. 2023. Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory. BMC Veterinary Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w

Interpretive Summary: Systemic bacterial diseases remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in swine resulting in decreased production and antibiotic usage. This study investigated the temporal trends of Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis, and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infections in pig populations using 12 years of detection and diagnostic data from the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to potentially inform research and resource allocation. Statistical analyses estimated a significant increase in detection of S. suis, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis, and a decrease in A. suis and M. hyosynoviae over the 12-year period. Based on pathologic assessment, S. suis disease was the predominant agent in neurologic cases (73% of all submissions) while G. parasuis disease contributed to at least 47% of all submissions with lesions of systemic bacterial infection, such as polyserositis. A significant upward trend was observed of arthritis submissions, e.g., arthritis due to S. suis disease increased by an average of 15% per year, G. parasuis (8%), M. hyorhinis (5%), and A. suis (19%). However, M. hyosynoviae disease diagnosis decreased by 13% average/year. While M. hyorhinis and S. suis associated with systemic infection increased yearly by 4% and 12%, respectively, G. parasuis disease associated with submissions decreased by 2%. Four of the five pig systemic bacterial agents increased over the past 12-year period, and suggests that improved control measures are necessary to better mitigate the imminent adverse effects of these pathogens on swine health.

Technical Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate temporal trends of Streptococcus suis (S. suis), Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis), Actinobacillus suis (A. suis), and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (M. hyosynoviae) infections in pig populations using 12 years of detection and diagnostic data from the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Poisson regression analyses estimated a significant increase in detection of S. suis, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis, and a decrease in A. suis and M. hyosynoviae over the 12-year period. Based on pathological assessment, S. suis disease was the predominant agent of submissions with described neurologic disease (73% of all submissions) while G. parasuis disease contributed to at least 47% of all submissions with lesions of systemic bacterial infection, such as polyserositis. A significant upward trend was observed of arthritis submissions, e.g., arthritis due to S. suis disease increased by an average of 15% per year, G. parasuis (8%), M. hyorhinis (5%), and A. suis (19%). However, M. hyosynoviae disease diagnosis decreased by 13% average/year. S. suis and G. parasuis in bronchopneumonia and meningitis diagnoses increased on average 4% and 9% and 4% and 22% per year, respectively. While M. hyorhinis and S. suis associated with systemic infection increased yearly by 4% and 12%, respectively, G. parasuis disease associated with submissions decreased by 2%. Disease diagnoses of S. suis, G. parasuis, and M. hyorhinis were most frequently observed with other infectious etiologies. In contrast, A. suis and M. hyosynoviae were diagnosed alone in 45% and 67% of submissions. This study showed that detection and disease associated with four of the five pig systemic bacterial agents increased over the past 12-year period, and suggests that improved control measures are necessary to better mitigate the imminent adverse effects of these pathogens on the swine production.