Children's and caregivers' review of a guided imagery therapy mobile app designed to treat children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Leveraging a mixed methods approach with user-centered design

Authors: HOLLIER, JOHN - Baylor College Of Medicine; STRICKLAND, TIANTA - Baylor College Of Medicine; FORDIS, C - Baylor College Of Medicine; VAN TILBURG, MIRANDA - Marshall University; SHULMAN, ROBERT - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC); Thompson, Deborah - Debbe

Submitted to: JMIR Formative Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/24/2023
Publication Date: 4/19/2023
Citation: Hollier, J.M., Strickland, T.A., Fordis, C.M., Van Tilburg, M.A., Shulman, R.J., Thompson, D.J. 2023. Children's and caregivers' review of a guided imagery therapy mobile app designed to treat children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Leveraging a mixed methods approach with user-centered design. JMIR Formative Research. 7. Article e41321. https://doi.org/10.2196/41321.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/41321

Interpretive Summary: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are highly prevalent and associated with substantial morbidity. Guided imagery therapy (GIT) is efficacious; however, barriers often impede patient access. Therefore, we developed a GIT mobile application. Guided by user-centered design, this study children with FAPDs and a caregiver to obtain their perspectives of the GIT app. Children and caregivers rated the GIT app's usability favorably, offered suggestions to improve its appearance and session content, and recommended using rewards to promote its regular use.

Technical Abstract: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are highly prevalent and associated with substantial morbidity. Guided imagery therapy (GIT) is efficacious; however, barriers often impede patient access. Therefore, we developed a GIT mobile app as a novel delivery platform. Guided by user-centered design, this study captured the critiques of our GIT app from children with FAPDs and their caregivers. Children aged 7 to 12 years with Rome IV–defined FAPDs and their caregivers were enrolled. The participants completed a software evaluation, which assessed how well they executed specific app tasks: opening the app, logging in, initiating a session, setting the reminder notification time, and exiting the app. Difficulties in completing these tasks were tallied. After this evaluation, the participants independently completed a System Usability Scale survey. Finally, the children and caregivers were separately interviewed to capture their thoughts about the app. Using a hybrid thematic analysis approach, 2 independent coders coded the interview transcripts using a shared codebook. Data integration occurred after the qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed, and the collective results were summarized. We enrolled 16 child-caregiver dyads. The average age of the children was 9.0 (SD 1.6) years, and 69% (11/16) were female. The System Usability Scale average scores were above average at 78.2 (SD 12.6) and 78.0 (SD 13.5) for the children and caregivers, respectively. The software evaluation revealed favorable usability for most tasks, but 75% (12/16) of children and 69% (11/16) of caregivers had difficulty setting the reminder notification. The children's interviews confirmed the app's usability as favorable but noted difficulty in locating the reminder notification. The children recommended adding exciting scenery and animations to the session screen. Their preferred topics were animals, beaches, swimming, and forests. They also recommended adding soft sounds related to the session topic. Finally, they suggested that adding app gamification enhancements using tangible and intangible rewards for listening to the sessions would promote regular use. The caregivers also assessed the app's usability as favorable but verified the difficulty in locating the reminder notification. They preferred a beach setting, and theme-related music and nature sounds were recommended to augment the session narration. App interface suggestions included increasing the font and image sizes. They also thought that the app's ability to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms and gamification enhancements using tangible and intangible incentives would positively influence the children's motivation to use the app regularly. Data integration revealed that the GIT app had above-average usability. Usability challenges included locating the reminder notification feature and esthetics affecting navigation. Children and caregivers rated our GIT app's usability favorably, offered suggestions to improve its appearance and session content, and recommended rewards to promote its regular use. Their feedback will inform future app refinements.