Brassica carinata physiological response to land preparation method and seeding rate

Authors: IBOYI, JOSEPH - University Of Florida; MULVANEY, MICHAEL - Mississippi State University; LEON, RAMON - North Carolina State University; Balkcom, Kipling; BASHYAL, MAHESH - University Of Florida; PERONDI, DANIEL - University Of Florida; DE S NOJA JUNIOR, ROGERIO - University Of Munich; DEVKOTA, PRATAP - University Of Florida; SMALL, IAN - University Of Florida

Submitted to: Journal of Crop Improvement
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/26/2022
Publication Date: 1/10/2023
Citation: Iboyi, J.E., Mulvaney, M.J., Leon, R.G., Balkcom, K.S., Bashyal, M., Perondi, D., De S Noja Junior, R., Devkota, P., Small, I.M. 2023. Brassica carinata physiological response to land preparation method and seeding rate. Journal of Crop Improvement. 38(1):25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2163950.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2163950

Interpretive Summary: Agronomic management practices that maximize yield and make Brassica carinata production compatible with existing cropping systems are crucial for the successful development of a carinata supply chain in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted by Univ. of Florida scientists and ARS scientists in Auburn, AL to evaluate the effect of land preparation method (conventional, no-till, broadcast-disc, and ripper-roller) and seeding rate (1.12, 5.60, 10.09, and 14.57 kg seed ha-1) on B. carinata physiology, yield, and seed chemical composition. Leaf net photosynthesis was affected by land preparation treatment, being greater under the ripper-roller treatment, particularly during bolting. A decrease in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency was observed as seeding rate increased, especially during bolting. Yield did not respond to land preparation. Results indicate physiological response to seeding rate was the same regardless of the land preparation method used.

Technical Abstract: Agronomic management practices that maximize yield and make Brassica carinata production compatible with existing cropping systems are crucial for the successful development of a carinata supply chain in the southeastern United States. To this end, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of land preparation method (conventional, no-till, broadcast-disc, and ripper-roller) and seeding rate (1.12, 5.60, 10.09, and 14.57 kg seed ha-1) on B. carinata physiology, yield, and seed chemical composition. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering; canopy cover; gas exchange parameters (leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2, and water use efficiency); leaf area index; root weight; shoot weight; aboveground biomass; yield; and seed chemical composition. Leaf net photosynthesis was affected by land preparation treatment, being greater under the ripper-roller treatment, particularly during bolting. On the other hand, a decrease in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency was observed as seeding rate increased, especially during bolting. Carinata seed under the ripper-roller land preparation had the highest oil content and lowest protein and glucosinolates contents. Yield did not respond to land preparation. Yield was minimized (732 kg ha-1) at the 1.12 kg seed ha-1 rate and maximized (1087 kg ha-1) at the 5.6 kg seed ha-1 rate. There was no land preparation by seeding rate interaction observed for any of the gas exchange parameters and LAI during any of the growth stages, nor was any interaction observed for yield. Physiological response to seeding rate was the same regardless of the land preparation method used.