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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Stuttgart, Arkansas » Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #400470
Research Project: Gene Discovery and Crop Design for Current and New Rice Management Practices and Market Opportunities

Location: Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center

Title: Does daytime and nighttime temperatures affect rice yield and quality?

Author
item SU, QIONG - Clemson University
item Rohila, Jai
item KARTHIEKEYAN, R - Clemson University

Submitted to: Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/11/2023
Publication Date: 1/30/2024
Citation: Su, Q., Rohila, J.S., Karthiekeyan, R. 2024. Does daytime and nighttime temperatures affect rice yield and quality?. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Proceedings. February 20-23, 2024, Hot Springs, Arkansas. Electronic Publication. p. 127.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Increased heat stress during cropping season poses significant challenges to rice production. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from published peer-reviewed literature (greenhouse and field trials) to evaluate rice phenotype plasticity to high daytime temperature (HDT) and high nighttime temperatures (HNT) and compared heat stress tolerance of studied rice varieties. The analysis showed that rice production was highly affected by HDT as well as HNT, with considerable differences among rice varieties. Seed setting was found to be the most sensitive trait to HDT and HNT, accounting for major portion of the yield losses. The optimum daytime and nighttime temperatures for grain yield were estimated to be around 29°C and 22°C, respectively. Rice grain yield declined at about 4% per unit °C when exceeding the optimum daytime temperature, mainly due to the decreased seed set percentage. The analysis also indicated that the rice grain yield was more sensitive to HNT than HDT, with approximately a 5% reduction per °C beyond the optimum nighttime temperature. In addition to declined seed set percentage, yield loss under HNT was also attributed to reduced grain weight, spikelet number, and biomass production. Both HDT and HNT affected grain quality by increasing chalkiness and decreasing head rice rate, negatively affecting overall rice production. HNT was also found impacting the protein content significantly. Our meta analysis suggest that current estimations of the economic implications of yield loss under high ambient temperatures during rice cropping season are likely to be underestimated without adequately considering their additional impacts on rice quality. Selection and breeding of high-temperature tolerance rice varieties should consider both the rice yield and quality in responses to HDT and HNT.