Incidence, severity, and prevalence of sorghum diseases in the major production regions in Niger

Authors: Prom, Louis; HAOUGUI, ADAMOU - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (INRA); ALI, BIBATA - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Du Niger (INRAN); KARIMOU, ISSA - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Du Niger (INRAN); ABDOULAYE, ABDOULKADRI - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Du Niger (INRAN); OUMAROU, OUMAROU - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Du Niger (INRAN); BASSO, ADAMOU - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Du Niger (INRAN); FALL, COUMBA - Texas A&M University; MAGILL, CLINT - Texas A&M University

Submitted to: Journal of Plant Studies
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/31/2023
Publication Date: 4/23/2023
Citation: Prom, L.K., Haougui, A., Ali, B.O., Karimou, I., Abdoulaye, A., Oumarou, O.H., Basso, A., Fall, C., Magill, C. 2023. Incidence, severity, and prevalence of sorghum diseases in the major production regions in Niger. Journal of Plant Studies. 12(1). Article 48. https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v12n1p48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v12n1p48

Interpretive Summary: Sorghum supplies the daily calorie needs for millions of people in Niger; however, diseases greatly reduce sorghum production and yields. To control diseases, it is important to first know their incidence, distribution, and severity in production areas. In 2022, 96 sorghum fields in Niger were surveyed to assess the presence of different leaf and panicle diseases. Nineteen sorghum diseases were detected, including leaf blight, anthracnose, long smut, oval leaf spot, rough leaf spot, covered kernel smut, and head smut. The most widely occurring diseases were leaf blight followed by anthracnose. This information may be used by researchers, funding agencies, and government officials to prioritize sorghum disease research projects. Among other benefits, the work identified areas in Niger where sorghum disease resistance evaluations could be conducted.

Technical Abstract: Sorghum ranks second to pearl millet as the most important cereal in Niger and is used primarily for food, feed, and other uses. During the 2022 growing season, 96 fields from the five major sorghum production regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéri, and Zinder were surveyed for foliar and panicle diseases. In each field, 40 plants were assessed using a W-shaped pattern to cover the whole field. A total of 19 diseases, including leaf blight, anthracnose, long smut, zonate leaf spot, bacterial leaf stripe, oval leaf spot, and rough leaf spot were documented. Leaf blight (100%) was detected in all the fields surveyed. In the regions of Dosso and Zinder, anthracnose was found in all the surveyed fields while oval leaf spot was detected in all surveyed fields in Maradi and Zinder. The highest mean incidence of leaf blight (95%) was recorded in the regions of Tahoua and Zinder while oval leaf spot (80%) anthracnose (56%), and gray leaf spot were highest in Maradi region. The highest mean severities of leaf blight (30%), long smut (29%), grain mold (18%), and anthracnose (13%) were recorded in Maradi region. The severity of head smut was 100% in all the regions where the disease was observed. Fields with incidence of 90% and above identified during the survey are considered as ‘hot spots’ for disease resistance screening. This work is significant because the information generated by the study can be utilized by sorghum workers, students, funding agencies and government officials to prioritize research projects.