Feeding thermally processed spray-dried egg whites, singly or in combination with 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol or peroxidized soybean oil on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status in nur...

Authors: WILSON, VICTORIA - Iowa State University; McCormick, Susan; Kerr, Brian

Submitted to: Journal of Animal Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/3/2023
Publication Date: 2/1/2023
Citation: Wilson, V.C., McCormick, S.P., Kerr, B.J. 2023. Feeding thermally processed spray-dried egg whites, singly or in combination with 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol or peroxidized soybean oil on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 101. Article skac429. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac429.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac429

Interpretive Summary: Swine can be exposed to a variety of nutritional stressors that can affect their well-being and productivity. Three stressors of concern include grains with naturally occurring mycotoxins, oxidized proteins in feedstuffs due to overheating during processing, or lipids that have been damaged by excessive heating. Experiments were conducted to determine how susceptible a previously processed feedstuff was to protein oxidation and whether feeding mycotoxins, oxidized protein, or peroxidized soybean oil would affect growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestibility, and markers of oxidative stress in nursery pigs. Results indicate it was difficult to induce protein oxidation in previously processed protein by heating in a forced air oven, and if some protein oxidation did occur, there is limited effects on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status in nursery pigs. The data also indicated that adding an isolated mycotoxin was difficult to ensure proper mixing from which to analyze in the complete diet from which to conduct animal research. Lastly, the data shows that adding soybean oil that has been thermally processed to contain high concentrations of aldehydes will result in a dramatic reduction in animal performance, but has limited effects on digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status in nursery pigs. This information is important for nutritionists at universities, feed companies, and pig production facilities for the determination of the impact of thermal processing on soybean oil or a protein feed stuff, or on adding an isolated mycotoxin, on pig performance, gastrointestinal function, and metabolic stress.

Technical Abstract: Two experiments (EXP) determined the susceptibility of spray dried egg white (SDEW) to oxidation (heating at 100°C for 72 h; thermally processed, TP) and whether feeding TP-SDEW, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), or peroxidized soybean oil (PSO), singularly or in combination, would affect pig performance, intestinal morphology, digestibility, and markers of oxidative stress in nursery pigs. In EXP 1, 32 pigs (7.14 kg body weight, BW) were placed individually into pens and fed diets containing either 12% SDEW, 6% TP-SDEW plus 6% SDEW, or 12% TP-SDEW. Performance was measured at the end of the 24-d feeding period with biological samples harvested following euthanasia. In EXP 2, 64 pigs (10.6 kg BW) were placed individually into pens and fed diets containing 7.5% soybean oil or PSO, 10% SDEW or TP-SDEW, and diets without or with 3 mg 15-ADON/kg diet in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Performance was measured at the end of the 28-d feeding period with biological samples harvested following euthanasia. In EXP 1, dietary treatment did not affect pig performance, apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) or nitrogen (N), ileal crypt depth, or villi height:crypt depth ratio (P > 0.05). The effects of feeding TP-SDEW on protein damage in the plasma and liver (P < 0.05) were variable. In EXP 2, there were no 3-way interactions and only one 2-way interactions among dietary treatments on parameters evaluated. There was no effect of feeding TP-SDEW on ATTD of GE or N, intestinal morphology, or on oxidative markers in the plasma, liver, or ileum (P > 0.05). There was no effect of feeding diets containing added 15-ADON on ATTD of GE, ileal AA digestibility, intestinal morphology, oxidative markers in the plasma, liver, or ileum, or pig performance (P > 0.05). Feeding pigs diets containing PSO resulted in reduced ATTD of GE and N, plasma vitamin E concentration, and pig performance (P < 0.01) but did not affect intestinal morphology or oxidative markers in the liver or ileum (P > 0.05). In conclusion, it was difficult to induce protein oxidation in SDEW and when achieved there were limited effects on performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status. Furthermore, singly adding 15-A-DON to a diet had no effect on the animal. Lastly, adding PSO reduces animal performance, but has limited effect on digestibility, intestinal morphology, and oxidative status in nursery pigs.