Disease evaluations and agronomic traits of advanced peanut breeding lines in 2022

Authors: Bennett, Rebecca; Chamberlin, Kelly

Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/1/2023
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Sustainability of the Southwest peanut industry depends on the continuous improvement of locally adapted cultivars. Peanut cultivars developed in other production areas may also be grown successfully in the Southwest, but their susceptibility to local diseases is often unknown. Thus, disease evaluations of advanced peanut breeding lines are conducted annually to compare the agronomic traits (crop value, yield, seed grade and characteristics) and disease resistance to cultivars that are currently available or close to being released for the Southwest. In 2022, a total of 43 commercial cultivars and high-oleic breeding lines were evaluated in small field plots at the Caddo Research Station in Fort Cobb, OK. The 2022 field season was marked by unusually high average temperatures for July, but cooler temperatures in September and October generated conditions favorable for Sclerotinia blight. Little pod rot was observed. Sixteen runner market-type entries were evaluated, and the top two numerical entries for crop value, a combined measure of yield and seed grade, were Lariat ($1,270 per acre) and ARSOK R109-1 ($1,241 per acre) at a contract price of $675 per ton. The most Sclerotinia-resistant runner entries included Southwest Runner (10%), ARSOK R96-8 (18%) and Lariat (25%). Among the 15 Spanish/Valencia entries evaluated, OLé and ARS Spanish breeding lines S105-2E, S105-4E and S96-5 had the highest numerical crop value and yields when priced at $700 per ton (>$1,150 and >4,875 lbs. per acre). High levels of Sclerotinia blight were observed in the small-seeded runners Span 17 and IPG 3628 (>54%), and little Sclerotinia blight (<12%) was present on the Valencia and true Spanish entries. All 12 Virginia entries yielded above 4,300 lbs. per acre except ACI 351, but average seed grade was relatively low, ranging from 61 to 67%. Numerically, entries with the three highest crop values were ARSOK V98, Comrade and ARSOK V99 (>$1,090 per acre). Sclerotinia blight was highest in ACI 351, Jupiter and Comrade (>58%) and lowest in ARSOK V99 (6%). The entries differed significantly in pod size distribution, and Comrade had the largest percentage of super jumbo pods by weight. These results demonstrate ongoing progress in breeding improved peanut cultivars. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Technical Abstract: Sustainability of the Southwest peanut industry depends on the continuous improvement of locally adapted cultivars. Peanut cultivars developed in other production areas may also be grown successfully in the Southwest, but their susceptibility to local diseases is often unknown. Thus, disease evaluations of advanced peanut breeding lines are conducted annually to compare the agronomic traits (crop value, yield, seed grade and characteristics) and disease resistance to cultivars that are currently available or close to being released for the Southwest. In 2022, a total of 43 commercial cultivars and high-oleic breeding lines were evaluated in small field plots at the Caddo Research Station in Fort Cobb, OK. The 2022 field season was marked by unusually high average temperatures for July, but cooler temperatures in September and October generated conditions favorable for Sclerotinia blight. Little pod rot was observed. Sixteen runner market-type entries were evaluated, and the top two numerical entries for crop value, a combined measure of yield and seed grade, were Lariat ($1,270 per acre) and ARSOK R109-1 ($1,241 per acre) at a contract price of $675 per ton. The most Sclerotinia-resistant runner entries included Southwest Runner (10%), ARSOK R96-8 (18%) and Lariat (25%). Among the 15 Spanish/Valencia entries evaluated, OLé and ARS Spanish breeding lines S105-2E, S105-4E and S96-5 had the highest numerical crop value and yields when priced at $700 per ton (>$1,150 and >4,875 lbs. per acre). High levels of Sclerotinia blight were observed in the small-seeded runners Span 17 and IPG 3628 (>54%), and little Sclerotinia blight (<12%) was present on the Valencia and true Spanish entries. All 12 Virginia entries yielded above 4,300 lbs. per acre except ACI 351, but average seed grade was relatively low, ranging from 61 to 67%. Numerically, entries with the three highest crop values were ARSOK V98, Comrade and ARSOK V99 (>$1,090 per acre). Sclerotinia blight was highest in ACI 351, Jupiter and Comrade (>58%) and lowest in ARSOK V99 (6%). The entries differed significantly in pod size distribution, and Comrade had the largest percentage of super jumbo pods by weight. These results demonstrate ongoing progress in breeding improved peanut cultivars. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.