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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Ames, Iowa » National Animal Disease Center » Virus and Prion Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #410825
Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Control Endemic and New Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases of Swine

Location: Virus and Prion Research

Title: Experimental Senecavirus A infection of bovine cell lines and colostrum-deprived calves

Author
item Buckley, Alexandra
item HOFFMAN, KYLE - Oak Ridge Institute For Science And Education (ORISE)
item Lager, Kelly
item FALKENBERG, SHOLLIE - Auburn University

Submitted to: International Pig Veterinary Society (IPVS)
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/26/2024
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Background and Objectives Senecavirus A (SVA) is a causative agent for vesicular disease in swine that is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). FMD is a highly contagious reportable disease that can infect cloven hoofed animals. A research article from China reported a buffalo with mouth ulcers and lameness that tested positive for SVA. It is important to understand potential host range of SVA, thus the objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of cattle (Bos taurus) both in vitro and in vivo to experimental infection with SVA. Materials and Methods Swine testicular (ST) cells, porcine kidney (PK-15) cells, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, bovine turbinate (BTu) cells, swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bovine PBMCs were each inoculated with a 2020 SVA isolate. Cells were used in the PrimeFlow assay with a VP1 probe to detect percentage of cell infected with SVA. Six colostrum-deprived (CD) Holstein calves were intranasally challenged with SVA with four sham challenged animals as controls. Animals were observed daily for vesicular disease and lameness and sampled regularly for PCR and neutralizing antibody testing. Results One hundred percent of ST, PK-15, and Btu cells were positive for SVA VP1 protein and 99.8% of MDBK cells were positive by flow cytometry. Less PBMCs were infected with an average of 10% of bovine PBMCs and 8% of swine PBMCs positive for SVA. No clinical signs of vesicular disease were observed in the six challenged CD calves. Four calves had a single PCR positive nasal swab on either 2 or 3 days post infection; however the Ct values were high, thus not suggesting there was any productive replication of SVA. There was no evidence of neutralizing antibodies against SVA in serum. Discussion and Conclusion This work reinforces that in vitro cell culture susceptibility does not always reflect susceptibility of animals in vivo. Based on the isolate used in this study, bovine cell lines were susceptible to SVA infection whereas calves were not susceptible. Thus, SVA not a significant concern for the cattle industry currently; however, as new strains emerge, it is important to monitor for variants that may have a broader host range.