Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: a mini-review

Authors: RUNBLAD, AMANDA - University Of Oslo; SANDOVAL, VIVIANA - University Of Oslo; HOLVEN, KIRSTEN - University Of Oslo; ORDOVAS, JOSE - Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging At Tufts University; ULVEN, STINE - University Of Oslo

Submitted to: Redox Biology
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/3/2023
Publication Date: 7/1/2023
Citation: Runblad, A., Sandoval, V., Holven, K., Ordovas, J.M., Ulven, S. 2023. Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: a mini-review. Redox Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on CVD risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing effect may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, not all individuals respond by reducing TG levels after omega-3 supplementation. This inter-individual variability in TG response to omega-3 supplementation is not fully understood. Hence, we aim to review the evidence for how interactions between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and genetic variants, epigenetic and gene expression profiling, gut microbiota and habitual intake of omega-3 fatty acids can explain why the TG response differs between individuals. This may contribute to understanding the current controversies and play a role in defining future personalized guidelines to prevent CVD.