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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Byron, Georgia » Fruit and Tree Nut Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #411612
Research Project: Novel Approaches for Managing Key Pests of Peach and Pecan

Location: Fruit and Tree Nut Research

Title: Formulation and Application Technology for Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Author
item Shapiro Ilan, David
item LEWIS, EDWIN - University Of Idaho

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/30/2024
Publication Date: 10/8/2024
Citation: Shapiro Ilan, D.I., Lewis, E.E. 2024. Formulation and Application Technology for Entomopathogenic Nematodes. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK, pp. 201-218 https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800620322.0011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800620322.0011

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are potent biocontrol agents that are used to control a variety of economically important insect pests. The nematodes are usually applied in aqueous suspension and are amenable to distribution using most standard agricultural sprayers and irrigation systems. Biocontrol efficacy provided by EPNs is dependent on various factors including the quality of the formulation and application parameters. Abiotic and biotic factors play critical roles in the ability of EPNs to control insect pests. For example, among the most important abiotic factors affecting efficacy are the environmental conditions surrounding the application; EPN success can be severely limited or completely incapacitated under conditions of extreme temperature, desiccation, or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Additionally, the nature of the spray equipment used can be important. Key biotic factors include the choice of nematode and rate of application; it is of utmost importance to match the nematode species (or strain) to the target pest. A variety of approaches can be used to enhance EPN application technology such as protective gel adjuvants (that facilitate aboveground application) and pheromone boosters. In this chapter we review and discuss EPN formulations and application technologies and avenues for improvement.