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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Stoneville, Mississippi » Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #412305
Research Project: Ecological Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Reduce the Risks of Bees to Stressors in Southern Crop Ecosystems

Location: Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research

Title: Microarray and Functional Pathway Analyses Revealed significantly Elevated Gene Expressions Associated with Metabolic Resistance to Oxamyl (Vydate) in Lygus lineolaris

Author
item Zhu, Yu Cheng
item Du, Yuzhe - Cathy
item Liu, Xiaofen - Fanny
item Portilla, Maribel
item Chen, Jian

Submitted to: Toxics
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/27/2024
Publication Date: 2/28/2024
Citation: Zhu, Y., Du, Y., Liu, X.F., Portilla, M., Chen, J. 2024. Microarray and Functional Pathway Analyses Revealed significantly Elevated Gene Expressions Associated with Metabolic Resistance to Oxamyl (Vydate) in Lygus lineolaris. Toxics. 12(3)1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030188.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030188

Interpretive Summary: The tarnished plant bug (TPB) remains one of the major pests on a variety of crops. Frequent sprays on row crops, especially cotton, prompted resistance development in field populations. To maintain chemical control as an effective tool against the pest, knowledge of global gene regulations is desirable for better understanding and managing the resistance. We started with an active searching more than 40 locations of 100×161 km very flat Delta area of Mississippi and Arkansas to find a resistant population of TPBs. After novel microarray global (6,688) gene expression analysis, 685 overexpressed genes were sorted out. Further functional and pathway analyses obtained 470 pathways and enhanced hydrolase activity (controlled by 166 hydrolase genes) as the most important molecular function. Focusing on 176 up-regulated enzyme-coding genes narrowed pathways down from 24 (52 genes) to six metabolic- and detoxification-related pathways, took part by 6 classes of enzymes coded by 20 genes. Therefore, this study pinpointed to 11 ester-bond-cutting hydrolases (esterases or carboxylesterases in resistant TPBs), coordinated with 2 P450s, 2 oxidases, 3 synthases, one reductase, and one dehydrogenase, hydrolyzed ester-bond-containing oxamyl insecticide. The values of this study (together with three previous studies) include at least (1) have obtained the best knowledge of resistance mechanisms to all of four conventional insecticide classes in the economically important crop pest, (2) established platform to develop molecular tools to monitor and RNAi to manage resistance in this economically important crop pest, and (3) minimize insecticidal risk to pollinators and environment.

Technical Abstract: The tarnished plant bug (TPB, Lygus lineolaris) remains one of the major pests on a variety of crops. Frequent sprays on row crops, especially cotton, prompted resistance development in field populations. To maintain chemical control as an effective tool against the pest, knowledge of global gene regulations is desirable for better understanding and managing the resistance. Novel microarray expressions of 6,688 genes showed 685 significantly up- and 1,382 significantly down-regulated genes in oxamyl-treated TPBs from a cotton field. Among the 685 up-regulated genes (participated in 470 pathways), 176 genes code 28 different enzymes, and 7 of the 28 participate in 24 metabolic pathways. Six important detoxification pathways were controlled by 20 genes, coding 11 esterases, two P450s, two oxidases, and three pathway associated enzymes (synthases, reductase, and dehydrogenase). Functional analyses showed substantially enhanced biological processes and molecular functions, with hydrolase activity as the most up-regulated molecular function (controlled by 166 genes). Eleven esterases belong to the acting-on-ester-bond subclass of the 166 hydrolases. Surprisingly, only one GST showed significant up-regulation, but it was not involved in any detoxification pathway. Therefore, this research is reporting a set of 20 genes coding 6 enzyme classes to detoxify a carbamate insecticide oxamyl in a field resistant TPB population. Together with three previous reports, we have obtained the best knowledge of resistance mechanisms to all of four conventional insecticide classes in the economically important crop pest. The values of the findings will greatly facilitate the development of molecular tools to monitoring and managing the resistance and to minimize risk to pollinators and environment.