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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Madison, Wisconsin » U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center » Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #412813
Research Project: Developing Strategies to Improve Dairy Cow Performance and Nutrient Use Efficiency with Nutrition, Genetics, and Microbiology

Location: Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research

Title: Metabolic and transcriptomic responses to dietary-induced milk fat depression and balanced amino acid supplementation in lactating dairy cows

Author
item RUH, KATHRYN - University Of Wisconsin
item KILLERBY, MARJORIE - University Of Wisconsin
item DE SOUZA, GLEICIELE - Universidade Federal De Lavras
item BENN, AMARA - University Of California, Davis
item COHAN, EMILY - University Of Wisconsin
item KRUEGER, ALYSSA - University Of Wisconsin
item RIBEIRO L.A., COELHO - University Of Wisconsin
item LARSEN, ANNA - University Of Wisconsin
item Li, Wenli
item ARIOLA APELO, SEBASTIAN - University Of Wisconsin
item HOPPMAN, AUGUST - University Of Wisconsin
item SHERLOCK, DANIELLE - Adisseo Usa, Inc

Submitted to: American Dairy Science Association Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/18/2024
Publication Date: 6/16/2024
Citation: Ruh, K.E., Millerby, M., de Souza, G.M., Benn, A.D., Cohan, E.M., Krueger, A., Coelho Ribeiro, L.A., Larsen, A.M., Hoppmann, A. Sherlock, D.N., Li, W., Arriola Apelo, S.I. 2024. Metabolic and transcriptomic responses to dietaryinduced milk fat depression and balanced amino acid supplementation [abstract]. Journal of Dairy Science. 107 (Supplement 1):115.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Milk fat depression (MFD) and the amino acids (AA) Met and Leu have opposite effects on milk fat synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of AA supplementation on mammary gland (MG) and adipose tissue (AT) transcriptomes and circulating concentrations of metabolites in control and MFD cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows (71 days in milk) housed in tie stalls, fed and milked 2x/d, were subjected to the four treatments over four 28-d periods in a replicated 4x4 Latin square with a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The 2 factors were fat source (FS): soybean oil (SBO; 1.83% dry matter [DM]) or C16:0-C18:1 fat supplement (CTL; 1.89% DM); and metabolizable AA level (AAL): 5% deficient (AAD), or sufficiently balanced for Leu and Met with corn gluten meal and rumen protected Met (AAS). Blood samples were collected on day 27 and 28 of each period from 20 cows. Four cows were subjected to mammary and adipose biopsy on day 26 of each period, alternating rear quarters and tail fat depots. Insulin, glucose, and AA were analyzed in plasma. Results were analyzed with a mixed model containing FS, AAL, FSxAAL, period, and square as fixed effects, and cow as random effect. RNAs extracted from MG and AT were sequenced, aligned to bovine reference genome ARS-UCD1.2, and analyzed with edgeR to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs was implemented in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis with |Z-score| = 2 as cut-off. Glucose was not affected by either factor. Insulin was decreased by SBO but that effect was blocked by AAS (FSxAAL P = 0.007). Leucine decreased in response to AAS (P = 0.047) while Met increased (P = 0.002). Fat source affected expression of 523 genes in AT and 160 genes in the MG (P < 0.05), while AAL altered expression of 478 genes in AT and 318 genes in the MG. In AT, SBO was predicted to stimulate growth factor signaling and immune response while AAS was predicted to stimulate IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) expression and inhibit insulin signaling. In MG, AAL was predicted to alter phospholipase C and serotonin signaling. In conclusion, SOB seems to have stronger metabolic and transcriptomic effect in AT, possibly through changes in circulating insulin, while AAL altered several relevant pathways in the mammary glands.