Assessing endotoxin or Escherichia coli vaccine administration during gestation as a means to alter postnatal immune function in pigs

Authors: Sanchez, Nicole; DOBBINS, THOMAS - Texas Tech University; MURPHY, ISABELLA - Texas Tech University; BARKER, SAMANTHA - Texas Tech University; DORNBACH, COLTON - Texas Tech University; CHILDRESS, KALLIE - Texas Tech University; MCDANIEL, ZACH - Texas Tech University; GRANT, MADDIE - Texas Tech University; HALES, KRISTIN - Texas Tech University; Broadway, Paul; Oliver, William; Lindholm-Perry, Amanda; LEGAKO, JERRAD - Texas Tech University; PETRY, AMY - University Of Missouri

Submitted to: Journal of Animal Science Supplement
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/8/2024
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Previous research demonstrated that low-dose endotoxin (LPS) administered during gestation can attenuate the postnatal response to LPS in weaned piglets. The follow-up study was designed to determine whether exposure to low dose LPS or a commercial Escherichia coli vaccine during gestation can alter immunity to an LPS challenge in piglets after weaning. Pregnant gilts were assigned to prenatal immune stimulation (PIS; n = 4; administered 2.5 µg/kg BW LPS i.m. at d 78±1.8 of gestation), vaccine (VAX; n = 3; administered LitterGuard-LTC i.m. at d 78±1.8 and 92±1.8 of gestation), or saline treatment groups (CON; n = 3). From the 3 prenatal treatment groups, barrows (n = 13 PIS, 13 VAX, 14 CON) were identified at weaning (21±1.3 d of age) to subsequently receive a post-weaning LPS challenge. On d -5, barrows were transported and housed in individual, indoor pens with ad libitum access to water and a starter ration. On d -1, pigs were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and subcutaneous temperature loggers. On d 0, pigs were administered LPS (10 µg/kg BW i.v.), and blood samples were collected at -2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h relative to LPS challenge. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, specific for repeated measures. There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for a treatment effect for sow vaginal temperature, measured using indwelling logger, where PIS sows had greater vaginal temperature than CON sows, with VAX being intermediate. There was a treatment × time interaction (P = 0.02) for the change in lymphocyte concentration relative to pre-challenge values, where PIS piglets had less change in lymphocyte concentrations at 2 and 4 h compared to CON, and 8 h compared to CON and VAX piglets. Additionally, there was a treatment effect (P = 0.01) for neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, where PIS piglets had a greater ratio compared to CON and VAX piglets. There was a treatment × time interaction (P = 0.04) for piglet subcutaneous body temperature, where PIS piglets had reduced temperature from 3 to 5 h compared to CON, and at 2 and from 4 to 7 h compared to VAX piglets. Spleen length measured 24 h post-LPS administration was shorter (P = 0.03) in PIS compared to CON piglets, with VAX being intermediate. While data analysis continues on this study, these initial data support previous data suggesting an attenuated immune response to postnatal LPS when pigs are exposed to LPS in utero. Further, pigs exposed to an E. coli vaccine during gestation appear to respond similar to CON pigs. These data add to available information on the ability to alter immunity of pigs in utero in an effort to positively influence piglet health after birth.