Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus is Seed Transmitted in Yellow Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Authors: DHADLY, DALVIR - University Of Georgia; KAVALAPPARA, SARITHA - University Of Georgia; MCAVOY, THEODORE - University Of Georgia; SEVERNS, PAUL - University Of Georgia; Simmons, Alvin; SRINIVASAN, RAJAGOPALBABU - University Of Georgia; BAG, SUDEEP - University Of Georgia

Submitted to: Plant Disease
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 8/13/2024
Publication Date: 1/4/2025
Citation: Dhadly, D.K., Kavalappara, S.R., Mcavoy, T., Severns, P., Simmons, A.M., Srinivasan, R., Bag, S. 2025. Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus is Seed Transmitted in Yellow Squash (Cucurbita pepo). Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-24-1330-RE.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-24-1330-RE

Interpretive Summary: It is well known that whiteflies transmit plant viruses to squash, and this is a problem in crop production. Also, several studies have demonstrated that several whitefly-transmitted plant viruses can also be seed-transmitted. A study was conducted to determine if the cucurbit leaf crumple virus can be seed-transmitted in yellow squash. Results from this study indicate that seeds from plants infected with the cucurbit leaf crumple virus contain this virus and transmit this virus to 15-56% of new plants when the seeds germinate and grow. This information is useful for helping the scientific and agricultural communities to better understand the development of cucurbit leaf crumple virus in yellow squash production.

Technical Abstract: The traditional understanding of begomovirus transmission exclusively through the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has shifted with findings of seed transmission in some begomoviruses over the last decade. We investigated the seed transmissibility of cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), a bipartite begomovirus that has recently emerged as a severe constraint for yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) production in the southeastern United States. We found a high concentration of CuLCrV in the male and female flower tissues of infected squash, including the pollen and ovules. The virus infiltrated the fruit tissues, including the endocarp and funiculus, which are anatomically positioned adjacent to the seeds. In seeds, CuLCrV was detected in the endosperm and embryo, where there are no vascular connections, in addition to the seed coat. The virus was detected in the radicle, plumule, cotyledonary leaves, and true leaves of seedlings grown from seeds collected from infected fruits. In the grow-out test conducted, CuLCrV infections ranged from 17 to 56% of the progeny plants. To ensure that partial viral genome fragments were not being mistaken for replicative forms of the virus, we performed rolling circle amplification PCR and amplified complete DNA-A and DNA-B of CuLCrV from seed tissues, seedlings, and progeny plants of CuLCrV-infected squash. Near-complete DNA-A and DNA-B sequences of CuLCrV were recovered from a progeny plant, further validating our findings. Our results demonstrate that CuLCrV can translocate from vegetative to reproductive tissues of yellow squash, persist within the seeds, and subsequently induce infection in progeny plants, confirming its capacity for seed transmission.