Location: Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture Research
Title: Hiding in plain sight: evaluation and identification of novel viruses in wild fishes using varied molecular biology techniques [abstract]Author
RAINES, CLAYTON - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
ADAMS, CYNTHIA - University Of Pittsburgh School Of Medicine | |
BARNETT, ZANETHIA - Us Forest Service (FS) | |
BIGGS, MORGAN - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
BLAZER, VICKI - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
CARTER, DREW - West Virginia Division Of Natural Resources | |
COLL, JOHN - Us Fish And Wildlife Service | |
CORNMAN, SCOTT - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
FENSTERMACHER, CARLY - West Virginia Division Of Natural Resources | |
GREER, JUSTIN - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
HOLT, CYNTHIA - Texas Parks And Wildlife | |
Iwanowicz, Luke | |
JONES, TOM - Vermont Agency For Natural Resources | |
KEPPLINGER, BRANDON - West Virginia Division Of Natural Resources | |
LOVY, JAN - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
MAZIK, PATRICIA - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
MICHAELS, BLAYK - Bass Pro Shops & Cabelas | |
MOR, SUNIL - Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories | |
MURRAY, BRENT - West Virginia University | |
NG, TERRY FEI FAN - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States | |
ODENKIRK, JOHN - Wildlife Resources | |
PHELPS, NICHOLAS - University Of Minnesota | |
SCHAEFFER, WADE - Ball State University | |
SIMMONS, SEAN - Angler'S Atlas | |
SMITH, CHEYENNE - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
SMITH, GEOFFREY - Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau Of Wildlife Management | |
VENTURELLI, PAUL - Ball State University | |
WALSH, HEATHER - Us Geological Survey (USGS) | |
WELSH, AMY - West Virginia University | |
YOUNG, KELSEY - Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratories |
Submitted to: American Fishery Society (Fish Health Section) Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 7/10/2024 Publication Date: 7/18/2024 Citation: Raines, C., Adams, C., Barnett, Z., Biggs, M., Blazer, V., Carter, D., Coll, J., Cornman, S., Fenstermacher, C., Greer, J., Holt, C., Iwanowicz, L.R., Jones, T., Kepplinger, B., Lovy, J., Mazik, P., Michaels, B., Mor, S., Murray, B., Ng, T., Odenkirk, J., Phelps, N., Schaeffer, W., Simmons, S., Smith, C., Smith, G., Venturelli, P., Walsh, H., Welsh, A., Young, K. 2024. Hiding in plain sight: evaluation and identification of novel viruses in wild fishes using varied molecular biology techniques [abstract]. American Fishery Society (Fish Health Section) Proceedings. 7 18. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Wild fish health management often relies on identification and understanding of primary and secondary pathogens. For many significant fish species such as river herring (Alosa spp.), black basses (Micropterus spp.), and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) numerous bacterial pathogens have been described, yet there is a paucity of viral research. However, this likely reflects the black-box containing the universe of uncharacterized viruses of these hosts rather than an indication of a scarcity of primary viral pathogens. Advances in discovery and diagnostic capabilities using “next generation sequencing (NGS)”, coupled with de novo assembly approaches, have augmented surveillance efforts. Subsequently this has led to the discovery of numerous novel viruses which may be present in fish without any clinical signs. PCR methods or conventional culture methods are extremely effective for post hoc detection of known pathogens, but no consistent methodology has been ascribed for detection of novel pathogens or in cases of mixed infections. Furthermore, few commercially available cell lines are permissive to viruses of non-model organisms. Accepting massively-parallel sequencing approaches as standard workflows can provide a contemporary approach to discover the diverse and otherwise unculturable viruses that affect fish species of management interest. It can also serve as a foundational catalyst to supplement more established virus detection methods. This presentation will focus on a few specific applications of molecular virology to evaluate potentially emerging pathogens which are generally understudied and of unknown significance to fish health. We will detail methodology used to identify and detect a novel hepadnavirus from clinically normal alewives (A. pseudoharengus), novel adomaviruses and a nackednavirus from largemouth bass (M. salmoides), as well as assessments of hepadnavirus and hepacivirus of white sucker. Additionally, results from less traditional approaches including gene expression analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and crowd-sourced data collection will be presented. Staying ahead of the cutting edge of disease research creates an opportunity to explore a new frontier of host-pathogen relationships and microbes associated with changing environments. |