Registration of soybean germplasm DS1260-2 with improved tolerance to mature seed damage and Phomopsis seed decay

Authors: Smith, James - Rusty; Gillen, Anne; Li, Shuxian; Abbas, Hamed; SULYOK, MICHAEL - University Of Natural Resources And Life Sciences, Vienna; SHIER, WAYNE - University Of Minnesota; Mengistu, Alemu; Cai, Guohong; Gillman, Jason

Submitted to: Journal of Plant Registrations
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/2/2024
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Ripe grain that is ready for harvest can become damaged when it is not timely harvested. Delays in harvest typically occur when warm rainy weather prevents farmers from entering their fields and harvesting their crop. The warm rainy weather also promotes the rapid growth of naturally occurring molds that damage the grain. Damaged grain results in lost revenues to both producers and processors. It also results in lower quality seed, protein meal, and oil for consumers. Soybean DS1260-2 was developed and made available to public and private researchers by the USDA-ARS as part of an effort to increase soybean tolerance to mature seed damage using traditional plant breeding. Tolerance to mature seed damage was derived from a Chinese soybean called Huang mao bai shui dou that is maintained in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. DS1260-2 is an agronomically improved non-genetically modified late maturity group IV soybean adapted for production in the midsouthern USA. It has significantly lower levels of seed damage than typical commercial varieties, such as P46T59R, AG4632, and P48A60X. The reduction in damage in DS1260-2 can be observed as lower incidence of visual mold, less seed wrinkling, lower incidence of toxins produced by molds, and higher seed germination. In terms of seed yield, DS1260-2 was similar to P46T59R in Mississippi, but less than varieties AG46X6, AG48X9, and S16-7922C in multi-state testing. DS1260-2 is resistant to the diseases southern stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, and race 3 soybean cyst nematode. DS1260-2 is being used to develop soybean varieties with improved tolerance to damaged mature seed caused by mold and weathering.

Technical Abstract: Damage to mature soybean seed occurs when mature seeds are subjected to weathering, fungi, and insects under hot humid conditions. Such damage can be exacerbated due to delays in harvest. Mature seed damage (MSD) causes lost revenue to both producers and processors, as well as lower quality of the seed, protein meal, and oil to consumers. The release of DS1260-2 (Glycine max L. Merr.) (Reg. No. GP-xxx, PI 705148) by the USDA-ARS is part of our effort to increase soybean tolerance to MSD using traditional plant breeding. Tolerance to mature seed damage was derived from exotic accession Huang mao bai shui dou (PI 587982A) and incorporated through pedigree selection into an agronomically improved conventional late maturity group IV germplasm adapted for production in the midsouthern USA. DS1260-2 has significantly lower levels of seed damage than cultivars P46T59R, AG4632, and P48A60X, which manifests as lower incidence of Diaporthe longicolla (Hobbs) J.M. Santos (Syn. Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs), less seed coat wrinkling and visual mold, lower incidence of fungal metabolites (nivalenol, cercosporin, cytochalasins H and J, tryptophol, fusaric acid, and beauvericin), and higher seed germination. DS1260-2 yielded similar to P46T59R in trials over four years in Mississippi, but less than AG46X6, AG48X9, and S16-7922C in regional testing. DS1260-2 is resistant to southern stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, and race 3 (HG type 0) of soybean cyst nematode. DS1260-2 is a valuable source for developing cultivars with improved tolerance to the MSD that is caused by mold and weathering.