Agronomic and structural responses of stockpiled alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures

Authors: VASCO, A - Auburn University; SILVA, L - Clemson University; BURT, J - University Of Georgia; MASON, K - University Of Tennessee; MULLENIX, M - Auburn University; PREVATT, C - University Of Florida; TUCKER, J - University Of Georgia

Submitted to: Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/8/2023
Publication Date: 3/24/2023
Citation: Vasco, A.C., Silva, L.S., Burt, J.C., Mason, K., Mullenix, M.K., Prevatt, C., Tucker, J.J. 2023. Agronomic and structural responses of stockpiled alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 9:e20223. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20223.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20223

Interpretive Summary: The incorporation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] forage systems in the southern United States has increased. Stockpiling this mixture may extend the grazing season into the fall and winter months with high-quality forage. The objective of this 2-year study was to evaluate agronomic and structural responses of alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures managed under five stockpiling periods (6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks) in two locations (Shorter, AL, and Tifton, GA). Across locations, stockpiling mixtures for 8 weeks or longer (2400 lb DM ac-1, on average) resulted in greater (P = 0.001) herbage accumulation than 6 weeks (3185 lb DM ac-1). The alfalfa proportion was similar among stockpiling periods in Shorter but greater (P = 0.043) at 10 and 14 weeks than 6, 8, and 12 weeks in Tifton. A location × year × stockpiling interaction was observed for crude protein (CP, P < 0.001) and in vitro true dry matter digestibility over 48 h (IVTDMD48, P < 0.001). Crude protein concentrations were similar among stockpiling periods in 2020 in both locations. In 2019, however, CP concentrations reduced with increasing stockpiling period length in Shorter and were similar among treatments in Tifton, except for the lesser CP at 8 than at 10, 12, and 14, weeks. Forage IVTDMD48 concentrations declined with increasing stockpiling period length at both locations, with a more pronounced decline in Shorter in 2019. Results suggest that stockpiling alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures for up to 8 weeks is a viable option to supply high nutritive value forage and lower lodging losses into the early winter months.

Technical Abstract: The incorporation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] forage systems in the southern United States has increased. Stockpiling this mixture may extend the grazing season into the fall and winter months with high-quality forage. The objective of this 2-year study was to evaluate agronomic and structural responses of alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures managed under five stockpiling periods (6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks) in two locations (Shorter, AL, and Tifton, GA). Across locations, stockpiling mixtures for 8 weeks or longer (2400 lb DM ac-1, on average) resulted in greater (P = 0.001) herbage accumulation than 6 weeks (3185 lb DM ac-1). The alfalfa proportion was similar among stockpiling periods in Shorter but greater (P = 0.043) at 10 and 14 weeks than 6, 8, and 12 weeks in Tifton. A location × year × stockpiling interaction was observed for crude protein (CP, P < 0.001) and in vitro true dry matter digestibility over 48 h (IVTDMD48, P < 0.001). Crude protein concentrations were similar among stockpiling periods in 2020 in both locations. In 2019, however, CP concentrations reduced with increasing stockpiling period length in Shorter and were similar among treatments in Tifton, except for the lesser CP at 8 than at 10, 12, and 14, weeks. Forage IVTDMD48 concentrations declined with increasing stockpiling period length at both locations, with a more pronounced decline in Shorter in 2019. Results suggest that stockpiling alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures for up to 8 weeks is a viable option to supply high nutritive value forage and lower lodging losses into the early winter months.