Demystifying the n utritional and anti-nutritional genetic divergence of Pakistani chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) genetic resource via multivariate approaches

Authors: JAMEEL, SAIMA - Pakistan Institute Of Engineering And Applied Sciences (PIEAS); HAMEED, AMJAD - Pakistan Institute Of Engineering And Applied Sciences (PIEAS); SHAN, TARIQ MAHMUD - Pakistan Institute Of Engineering And Applied Sciences (PIEAS); COYNE, CLARICE - Retired ARS Employee

Submitted to: Frontiers in Nutrition
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/6/2024
Publication Date: 10/4/2024
Citation: Jameel, S., Hameed, A., Shan, T., Coyne, C.J. 2024. Demystifying the n utritional and anti-nutritional genetic divergence of Pakistani chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) genetic resource via multivariate approaches. Frontiers in Nutrition. 11:1407096. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1407096.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1407096

Interpretive Summary: Pulse crop product innovations include the use of protien extracts for new product development and expanding marketing opportunities for pulse farmers. To help meet this new growing demand for plant-based proteins, we studied chickpea seed protein components to identify lines chickpea breeders can then use for improving seed protein content for use in chickpea cultivar improvments.

Technical Abstract: Chickpeas are a highly versatile functional food legume that possesses the capacity to boost human health and has the potiential to alleviate malnutrition related deficiencies. To investigate whole seed-based nutritional and anti-nutritional composition, a set of 90 chickpea genotypes (66 desi and 24 kabuli) was collected from different research organizations in Pakistan. Significant variation (Turkey HSD test, p<0.05) was preceived among genotypes for traits under investigation. The genotypes, with maximum total soluble proteins (TSPs)(34.92%), crude proteins (CPs)(30.13%), and reducing sugars(17.33mg/g s.wt.), i.e., Punjab-2000 (desi); total free amino acids (TFAs)(3.34g/100 g DW), i.e., Wild Hybrid-15 (desi), albumins(227.67 mg/g s.wt.), i.e.,Sheenghar-2000(desi); globulins(720 g s. wt.), i.e., ICCV-96030(desi); salt-soluble proteins (200mg/g s.wt.), i.e., ILWC-247(desi) total soluble sugars (TSSs)(102.63 mg/g s.wt.), i.e., CM1051/11(desi);non-reducing sugars(95.28 mg/g s.wt.), i.e., NIAB-CH2016(desi);starch content (83.69%), i.e., CH55/09(kabuli); and the genotypes with least value of anti-nutritional factors glutelin(3.33mg/g s.wt.), i.e., Wild Hybrid-9(desi); hordein (1.38mg/g s.wt.), i.e., Noor-2013(kabuli); tannins(5,425 uM/g s.wt.), i.e., Wild Hybrid-1(desi); and phytic acid(PA)(0.18 mg/g s.wt.), i.e.,Bhakhar-2011(desi), could be the promising genotypes to formulate health-promoting plant-based food products. Data were also analyzed for prinicipal component analysis (PCA), correlation, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. PC-1 revealed the highest contribution (20.83%) towards cumulative variablilty, and maximum positive facotor loading was delivered by TSSs(0.85) followed by starch content(0.729). Genotypes were grouped into three distinct clusters based on high mean value of CP content, albumins, hordein, and slutelin; Cluster II encompassed genotypes with a high mean value of TSPs, TSSs, non-reducing sugars, globulins, salt-soluble sugars, starch, and TFAs; Cluster III encompassed genotypes with high tannins, reducing sugars, and PA. Identified desi and kabuli genotypes exhibiting superior seed quality traits and minimal anti-nutritional factors can be used in chickpea breeding programsaimed at improving seed nutritional quality in future breeding lines.