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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Columbia, Missouri » Plant Genetics Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #68011
Title: YELLOW FOOD CORN: 1995 PERFORMANCE TEST

Author
item DARRAH, LARRY
item ROONEY, L - TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
item BOCKHOLT, A - TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
item PONELEIT, C - UNIV OF KENTUCKY
item Barry, B
item WEST, D - UNIV OF TENNESSEE
item ZEHR, B - PURDUE UNIVERSITY
item HAMAKER, B - PURDUE UNIVERSITY
item LUNDQUIST, R - ILLINOIS FNDN SEEDS
item HUDELSON, K - UNIV OF WISCONSIN

Submitted to: Missouri Special Report
Publication Type: Experiment Station
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/15/1996
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Seed producers, yellow food corn processors, and farmers need agronomic performance data to select yellow seeded corn hybrids adapted for growing in specific regions in the United States. National performance testing of yellow hybrids was done at 12 locations. Smaller seed companies benefited by having their products tested in a much wider area than could be accomplished by the company itself. In 1995, the test compared 41 hybrids and two checks submitted by 16 commercial seed producers and two universities. Significant performance differences were found among the entries for yield and all agronomic traits measured. Three hybrids yielded significantly more than the mean for all entries of 145.1 bu/a: Pioneer Brand X1134V (159.2 bu/a), Pioneer Brand X1184H (158.1 bu/a), and DeKalb Genetics EXP463B (157.4 bu/a). Nineteen entries could not be statistically separated from the highest yielding entry. Kernel quality observations were made by Texas A & M and Purdue Universities. Observations included the milling quality traits of test weight, seed hardness, pericarp removal, density, kernel weight and size, short-flow dry milling, protein percentage, and color of cob and grain. DeKalb Genetics DK676, Pioneer Brand 3245, and Pioneer Brand X1194F were the only white cob hybrids that met all the criteria for good food corns based on the average for all locations sampled. IFSI 95-1Y met the criteria, but had a pink cob. A report was published and distributed to the participating state experiment stations, seedsmen, and corn millers.

Technical Abstract: The 1995 Yellow Food Corn Performance Test (YFCPT) included 41 hybrids and the yellow hybrid checks B73 x Mo17 and Pioneer Brand 3394. Hybrids were submitted by 16 commercial seed producers and two universities. Thirty entries were new to the test in 1995. Data were received from locations in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Three hybrids yielded significantly more than the mean for all entries of 145.1 bu/a: Pioneer Brand X1134V (159.2 bu/a), Pioneer Brand X1184H (158.1 bu/a), and DeKalb Genetics EXP463B (157.4 bu/a). Nineteen entries could not be statistically separated from the highest yielding entry. Grain samples from 10 locations were evaluated for quality traits. For alkaline cooking, generally, the grain should have 60 lb/bu or greater test weight, a 1000-kernel weight of 300 g or more, a true density of 1.3 g/cc or greater, a pericarp removal rating of 1 to 3, and a kernel color rating of 2 to 3. A clean, bright-yellow color is preferred. DeKalb Genetics DK676, Pioneer Brand 3245, and Pioneer Brand X1194F were the only white cob hybrids that met the criteria for good food corns based on the average for all locations sampled. IFSI 95-1Y met the criteria, but had a pink cob. These data are most useful for corn breeders developing new hybrids because it provides information on general adaption over a wide range of conditions in a uniform set of nurseries. The data in this report is also useful for a food corn company to use to select a corn hybrid for processing. The food corn company should work with a corn supplier to secure corn with the best characteristics in their procurement area.