Skip to main content
ARS Home » Midwest Area » Ames, Iowa » National Animal Disease Center » Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #71666
Title: NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES TO TYPE 1 AND 2 BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUSES: DETECTON BY INHIBITION OF VIRAL CYTOPATHOLOGY AND INFECTIVITY BY IMMUNOPEROXIDASE ASSAY

Author
item FULTON, R - OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
item SALIKI, J - OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
item BURGE, L - OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
item D'OFFAY, J - OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
item Bolin, Steven - Steve
item MAES, R - MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
item BAKER, J - MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
item FREY, M - USDA, APHIS, NVSL

Submitted to: Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/17/1997
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle in the United States. This virus is extremely variable in its outer surface proteins that react with an animal's primary antiviral defense system, the viral neutralizing antibody. These antibodies are produced by an animal in response to viral infection. Their purpose is to kill the invading virus. Detection and quantitation of viral neutralizing antibody is done by diagnostic laboratories to help in the identification of viruses that cause disease, and to assess the effectiveness of vaccination to prevent disease. The extreme variability of BVDV causes variation in the antibodies produced by individual animals. This complicates the diagnostic process and can lead to incorrect findings in a diagnostic laboratory if the laboratory reference viruses used to detect antibody is a poor match for virus that induced a disease outbreak. Similarly, the laboratory reference antibody may be a poor match for a virus isolated from a disease outbreak. To address these problems, antibody was obtained from several animals and used to neutralize twenty different BVDV in a widely used diagnostic test. By doing this, it was found that the diagnostic test required modification of some of the reagents used to adequately detect the twenty BVDV and to detect the different antibody from several animals. The improvements made in the diagnostic test are inexpensive and can be implemented easily by diagnostic laboratories. The result of this research is an improved diagnostic test that will aid in the correct detection of virus that induces disease in cattle. This benefits beef and dairy producers by providing diagnostic information that is useful for selecting a vaccination program to prevent disease.

Technical Abstract: Neutralizing antibodies to Type 1 and 2 BVDV strains were detected by a microtiter virus neutralization test in cell culture. Inhibition of viral infectivity was measured by absence of viral cytopathology for cytopathic strains or by immunoperoxidase staining for noncytopathic strains. The monoclonal combination, Mabs 20.10.6 and 15C5, detected both Type 1 and 2 strains. The stained monolayers, immunoperoxidase, could be detected without aid of light microscopy. Positive control serums available for diagnostic testing contained both Type 1 and 2 BVDV antibodies. There did not appear to be major differences of antibody titers among the respective Type strains, regardless whether the strains were cytopathic or noncytopathic. In a limited study, calves receiving Type 1 strains responded with higher Type 1 antibodies than to Type 2 strain.