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ARS Home » Plains Area » Bushland, Texas » Conservation and Production Research Laboratory » Livestock Nutrient Management Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #92331
Title: PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATED VACCINE BY PARENTERAL AND AEROSOL ROUTES COMPARED IN THE GOAT MODEL

Author
item Purdy, Charles
item COOLEY, J - TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
item STRAUS, DAVID - TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Submitted to: Current Microbiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/18/1998
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: The estimated cost of bovine respiratory disease complex, to the feeder calf industry, is 600,000,000 dollars per year. The most important bacterial organism in this disease is Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph). All ruminants are susceptible to Ph which causes an acute respiratory disease in stressed susceptible animals, and goats are a good model for calves. Animals are usually protected from acute respiratory disease if they are effectively vaccinated against Ph. Killed vaccines are incapable of causing infections, therefore current vaccine researchers use killed vaccine products when possible. UV-killed Ph vaccine is effective against a live challenge when the vaccine is administered twice subcutaneously in high doses, however, it is only partially effective after one subcutaneous dose. The UV-killed Ph vaccine was ineffective when used by the inhalation route.

Technical Abstract: Positive control 1 (PC1) (n=9) goats were injected transthoracicly into the left lung with live Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (PhA1) in polyacrylate (PA) beads on days 0 and 21. Positive control 2 (PC2) (n=6) were nebulized with live PhA1 and PA beads on days 0 and 21. Negative control (NC) goats (n=6) were each injected transthoracicly in the left lung with PA beads alone on days 0 and 21. Four groups (n=6) were administered PA beads mixed with ultraviolet (UV) killed PhA1 on days 0 and 21. The treatment doses of bacteria for these groups were principal group 1 (PR1) injected in the left lung 7.7X10*10; PR2, 7.7X10*10 UV-killed PhA1 injected subcutaneously (SC); PR3, 7.7X10*10 UV-killed PhA1 injected SC only on day 21; PR4, nebulized with PA beads mixed with 5.6X10*10 CFU of UV-killed PhA1; and PR5, nebulized with PA beads mixed with 5X10*8 CFU of UV-killed PhA1. All goats were challenged transthoracicly in the right lung with 1X10*8 CFU of live PhA1 on day 42 and necropsied on day 46. The size of consolidated lung lesions at the challenge site were used as a measure of immunity. The data show that the introduction of live PhA1 into the lungs of goats, either by injection or aerosolization, offers excellent protection against a subsequent homologous challenge. The data also demonstrate that two transthoracic injections (21 days apart) of UV-killed PhA1 (PR1), and subcutaneous injection of UV-killed PhA1 (PR2) also offer excellent protection against a subsequent homologous live PhA1 challenge. One SC injection of UV-killed PhA1 (PR3) appears to offer only partial protection against a subsequent homologous live PhA1 challenge. Inhalation of UV-killed PhA1 mixed with PA beads (PR4 and PR5) induced no protection in goats against a subsequent live PhA1 transthoracic challenge.