Research Project: Ecology and Detection of Human Pathogens in the Produce Production Continuum

Location: Produce Safety and Microbiology Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from river water and farm animal feces near an agricultural region in Northwestern Mexico - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Amezquita-Lopez, B.A., Soto-Beltran, M., Lee, B.G., Bon-Haro, E.F., Lugo-Melchor, O.Y., Quinones, B. 2024. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from river water and farm animal feces near an agricultural region in Northwestern Mexico. Microbiology Research. 15(1):385-403. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15010026.

Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteriophages isolated from agricultural environments and examination of their prevalence with bacterial hosts - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Quintela, I.A., Valentine, D.C., Hwang, A., Vasse, T., Ho, K., Wu, V.C. 2023. Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteriophages isolated from agricultural environments and examination of their prevalence with bacterial hosts. Journal of Food Safety. Article e13084. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13084.

Effect of plant systemic resistance elicited by biological and chemical inducers on the colonization of the lettuce and basil leaf apoplast by Salmonella enterica - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chalupowicz, L., Manulis-Sasson, S., Barash, I., Elad, Y., Rav David, D., Brandl, M. 2021. Effect of plant systemic resistance elicited by biological and chemical inducers on the colonization of the lettuce and basil leaf apoplast by Salmonella enterica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87(24):e01151-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01151-21.

Characterization of two new Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103-infecting phages isolated from an organic farm - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Lavenburg, M.V., Wu, V.C. 2021. Characterization of two new Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103-infecting phages isolated from an organic farm. Microorganisms. 9(7):1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071527.

Enhanced detection of major pathogens and toxins in poultry and livestock with zoonotic risks using nanomaterials-based diagnostics - (Review Article)
Manhas, P.K., Quintela, I.A., Wu, V.C. 2021. Enhanced detection of major pathogens and toxins in poultry and livestock with zoonotic risks using nanomaterials-based diagnostics. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 8. Article 673718. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.673718.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: transcriptomic data - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Hu, B., Chain, P.S. 2021. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: transcriptomic data. Data in Brief. 36:107065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107065.

Genomic insights into divergent evolution of virulence and fitness traits in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O121 - (Abstract Only)

A rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of gluten in foods - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hnasko, R.M., Jackson, E.S., Lin, A.V., Haff, R.P., McGarvey, J.A. 2021. A rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of gluten in foods. Journal of Food Chemistry. 355. Article 129514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129514.

Genomic characterization of two Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages induced from environmental Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Wu, V.C. 2021. Genomic characterization of two Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages induced from environmental Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. Article 587696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.587696.

Broad-range and effective detection of human noroviruses by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on the shell domain of the major capsid protein - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xu, M., Lu, F., Wu, Q., Zhang, J., Tian, P., Xu, T., Wang, D. 2021. Broad-range and effective detection of human noroviruses by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on the shell domain of the major capsid protein. BMC Microbiology. 21. Article 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02084-z.

Growth and survival of attached Listeria on lettuce and stainless steel varies by strain and surface type - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gorski, L.A., Walker, S., Romanolo, K.F., Kathariou, S. 2021. Growth and survival of attached Listeria on lettuce and stainless steel varies by strain and surface type. Journal of Food Protection. 84(5):903-911. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-434.

DNA Adenine Methylase, not the Pstl restriction-modification system, regulates virulence gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A., Huynh, S., Parker, C., Miller, A., He, X., Hu, B., Chain, P. 2020. DNA Adenine Methylase, not the Pstl restriction-modification system, regulates virulence gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Food Microbiology. 96. Article 103722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103722.

Use of mathematic models to describe the microbial inactivation on baby carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guan, J., Lacombe, A.C., Tang, J., Bridges, D.F., Sablani, S., Rane, B., Wu, V.C. 2021. Use of mathematic models to describe the microbial inactivation on baby carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide. Food Control. 123. Article 107832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107832.

Differential induction of Shiga toxin in environmental Escherichia coli O145:H28 strains carrying the same genotype as the outbreak strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C., Du, W.N., He, X. 2020. Differential induction of Shiga toxin in environmental Escherichia coli O145:H28 strains carrying the same genotype as the outbreak strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 339. Article 109029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109029.

Food safety lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic - (Review Article)
Lacombe, A.C., Quintela, I.A., Liao, Y., Wu, V.C. 2020. Food safety lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Food Safety. 41:2. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12878.

Effects of moisture content and mild heat on the ability of gaseous chlorine dioxide against salmonella and enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on almonds - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rane, B., Lacombe, A.C., Sablani, S., Bridges, D.F., Tang, J., Guan, J., Wu, V.C. 2021. Effects of moisture content and mild heat on the ability of gaseous chlorine dioxide against salmonella and enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on almonds. Food Control. 123. Article 107732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107732.

Whole-genome analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103:H2 strain isolated from cattle feces - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Wu, V.C. 2020. Whole-genome analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103:H2 strain isolated from cattle feces. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 9:45. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00896-20.

Alterations in heart rate variability associated with IBS or IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis - (Review Article)
Sadowski, A., Dunlap, C., Lacombe, A.C., Hanes, D. 2020. Alterations in heart rate variability associated with IBS or IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. 12:e00275. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000275.

The effects of environmental factors on the prevalence and diversity of bacteriophages lytic against top six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on an organic farm - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Lavenburg, V., Lennon, M., Salvador, A., Hsu, A.L., Wu, V.C.H. 2020. The effects of environmental factors on the prevalence and diversity of bacteriophages lytic against top 6 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on an organic farm. Journal of Food Safety. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12865.

Use of lytic bacteriophages as an antimicrobial intervention to improve produce safety - (Abstract Only)

Effects of lyophilization on the stability of bacteriophages against different serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lavenburg, V., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Hsu, A.L., Harden, L.A., Wu, V.C. 2020. Effects of lyophilization on the stability of bacteriophages against different serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Cryobiology. 96:85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.07.012.

Fingerprinting of human noroviruses co-infections in a possible foodborne outbreak by metagenomics - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, D. 2020. Fingerprinting of human noroviruses co-infections in a possible foodborne outbreak by metagenomics. Frontiers in Microbiology. 333. Article 108787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108787.

Viability of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium after isochoric freezing - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bridges, D.F., Bilbao-Sainz, C., Powell-Palm, M.J., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., Sinrod, A., Ukpai, G., McHugh, T.H., Rubinsky, B., Wu, V.C.H. 2020. Viability of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium after isochoric freezing. Journal of Food Safety. 40(5). Article e12840. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12840.

Gaseous antimicrobial treatments to control foodborne pathogens on almond kernels and whole black peppercorns - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rane, B., Bridges, D.F., Wu, V.C. 2020. Gaseous antimicrobial treatments to control foodborne pathogens on almond kernels and whole black peppercorns. Food Microbiology. Volume 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103576.

Bacteriophages specific to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli exist in goat feces and associated environments on an organic produce farm in Northern California, USA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lennon, M., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Lauzon, C.R., Wu, V.C. 2020. Bacteriophages specific to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli exist in goat feces and associated environments on an organic produce farm in Northern California, USA. PLoS One. 15(6):0234488. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234438.

Is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O45 no longer a food safety threat? The danger is still out there - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Sun, X., Wu, V.C.H. 2020. Is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O45 no longer a food safety threat? The danger is still out there. Microorganisms. 8(5):782. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050782.

Xenobiotic Effects of Chlorine Dioxide to Escherichia coli O157:H7 on non-host tomato environment revealed by transcriptional network modeling: implications to adaptation and selection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Shu, X., Singh, M., Bhushana, N.B., Bridges, D.F., Kitazumi, A., Wu, V.C., De Los Reyes, B.G. 2020. Xenobiotic Effects of Chlorine Dioxide to Escherichia coli O157:H7 on non-host tomato environment revealed by transcriptional network modeling: implications to adaptation and selection. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11:1122. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01122.

Xenobiotic Effects of Chlorine Dioxide to Escherichia coli O157:H7 on non-host tomato environment revealed by transcriptional network modeling: implications to adaptation and selection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Shu, X., Singh, M., Karampudi, N.B., Bridges, D.F., Kitazumi, A., Wu, V.C., De Los Reyes, B.G. 2020. Xenobiotic Effects of Chlorine Dioxide to Escherichia coli O157:H7 on non-host tomato environment revealed by transcriptional network modeling: implications to adaptation and selection. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11:1122. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01122.

Integrity of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 cell wall and membranes after chlorine dioxide treatment - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bridges, David F., Alison Lacombe, and Vivian C. H. Wu. (2020). "Integrity of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cell Wall and Membranes after Chlorine Dioxide Treatment". Frontiers in Microbiology 11:888. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00888

Characterization of three lytic bacteriophages as an antimicrobial agent for biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145 - (Abstract Only)

A lytic bacteriophage isolated from non-animal origin has better biocontrol features than a bacteriophage isolated from bovine feces to control Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 - (Abstract Only)

Modeling the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide against Listeria on apple surfaces - (Abstract Only)
Guan, J., Lacombe, A.C., Tang, J., Bridges, D.F., Rane, B., Sablani, S., Wu, V.C. 2020. Modeling the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide against Listeria on apple surfaces [abstract]. Meeting Abstract.

Strain specific response of Escherichia coli biofilms to chlorine dioxide - (Abstract Only)

Is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O45 no longer a food safety threat? The danger is still out there - (Abstract Only)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Sun, X., Wu, V.C. 2020. Is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O45 no longer a food safety threat? The danger is still out there [abstract]. Meeting Abstract.

Panoramic MLVA fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis circulating among livestock and cases of sporadic human illness in Egypt - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sayour, A.E., Elbauomy, E., Abdel-Hamid, N.H., Mahrous, A., Carychao, D.K., Cooley, M.B., Elhadidy, M. 2020. Panoramic MLVA fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis circulating among livestock and cases of sporadic human illness in Egypt. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 1:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13581.

Breeding crops for enhanced food safety - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Melotto, M., Brandl, M., Jacob, C., Jay-Russell, M.T., Micallef, S.A., Warburton, M.L., Van Deynze, A. 2020. Breeding crops for enhanced food safety. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:428. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00428.

Investigating the whole-genome sequences of a new locus of enterocyte effacement-positive Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain isolated from river water - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Sun, X., Wu, V.C. 2020. Investigating the whole-genome sequences of a new locus of enterocyte effacement-positive Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain isolated from river water. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 9(12):e00112-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00112-20.

Scale-up model of forced air integrated gaseous chlorine dioxide for the decontamination of lowbush blueberries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lacombe, A.C., Antosch, J.G., Wu, V.C.H. 2020. Scale-up model of forced air integrated gaseous chlorine dioxide for the decontamination of lowbush blueberries. Journal of Food Safety: e12.

Genomic characterization and potential pathogenetic analysis of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages induced from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains. - (Abstract Only)

The transcriptome of Escherichia coli O157:H7 reveals a role for oxidative stress resistance in its survival from predation by Tetrahymena - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
George, A.S., Rehfuss, M.Y., Parker, C., Brandl, M. 2020. The transcriptome of Escherichia coli O157:H7 reveals a role for oxidative stress resistance in its survival from predation by Tetrahymena. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 96(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa014.

Genomic insight into natural inactivation of Shiga toxin 2 production in an environmental Escherichia coli strain producing Shiga toxin 1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C., He, X., Hnasko, R.M. 2020. Genomic insight into natural inactivation of Shiga toxin 2 production in an environmental Escherichia coli strain producing Shiga toxin 1. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 17(9):555-567. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2019.2767.

Metagenomics as a public health risk assessment tool in a study of natural creek sediments influenced by agricultural and livestock runoff: potential and limitations - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Suttner, B.J., Johnston, E.R., Orellana, L.H., Rodriguez, L.M., Hatt, J.K., Carychao, D.K., Carter, M.Q., Cooley, M.B., Konstantinidis, K.T. 2020. Metagenomics as a public health risk assessment tool in a study of natural creek sediments influenced by agricultural and livestock runoff: potential and limitations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 86(6):e02525-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02525-19.

Prediction, diversity, and genomic analysis of temperate phages induced from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Sun, X., Wu, V.C. 2020. Prediction, diversity, and genomic analysis of temperate phages induced from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10:e3093. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03093.

Culturable bacteria resident on lettuce might contribute to accumulation of human noroviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., Liao, N., Zou, S., Tang, H., Tian, P., Wu, Q., Wang, D. 2019. Culturable bacteria resident on lettuce might contribute to accumulation of human noroviruses. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108492.

Phage therapy for controlling Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103 using lytic bacteriophages - (Abstract Only)

Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sun, X., Hao, L., Xie, Q., Lan, W., Zhao, Y., Pan, Y., Wu, V.C. 2019. Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Control. 111:107020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107020.

Characterization of a histo-blood group antigen-like substance in romaine lettuce that contributes to human norovirus attachment - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Z., Liu, D., Wu, Q., Lu, Y., Tian, P., Wang, Z., Wang, D. 2019. Characterization of a histo-blood group antigen-like substance in romaine lettuce that contributes to human norovirus attachment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(5):1207-1212. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05887.

Formation of E. coli O157:H7 persister cells in the lettuce phyllosphere and application of differential equation models to predict their prevalence on lettuce plants in the field - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Munther, D.S., Carter, M.Q., Aldric, C.V., Ivanek, R., Brandl, M. 2020. Formation of E. coli O157:H7 persister cells in the lettuce phyllosphere and application of differential equation models to predict their prevalence on lettuce plants in the field. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 86(2):e01602-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01602-19.

Complete genome sequences of two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from crows - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C., Carychao, D.K., Cooley, M.B. 2019. Complete genome sequences of two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from crows. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8(45):e01082-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01082-19.

Redesigned duplex RT-qPCR for detection of GI and GII human noroviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Geng, H., Wang, D. 2020. Redesigned duplex RT-qPCR for detection of GI and GII human noroviruses. Engineering. 6(4):442-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.018.

Rapid detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin-B by lateral flow assay - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hnasko, R.M., McGarvey, J.A., Lin, A.V. 2019. Rapid detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin-B by lateral flow assay. Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy. 38(5):209-212. https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2019.0028.

Complete genome sequence of a Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage, Escherichia phage Lys12581Vzw, induced from an outbreak Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strain - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhang, Y., Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Sun, X., Wu, V.C. 2019. Complete genome sequence of a Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage, Escherichia phage Lys12581Vzw, induced from an outbreak Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strain. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e00793-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00793-19.

Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli phage vB_EcoM Sa157lw, isolated from surface water collected in Salinas, California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, F., Liao, Y., Li, R.W., Wu, V.C. 2019. Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli phage vB_EcoM Sa157lw, isolated from surface water collected in Salinas, California. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e00718-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00718-19.

New strategies for the enumeration of enteric pathogens in water - (Review Article)
Gorski, L.A., Rivadeneira, P., Cooley, M.B. 2019. New strategies for the enumeration of enteric pathogens in water. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 11(6):765-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12786.

New Strategies for the Enumeration of Enteric Pathogens in Water - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gorski L, Rivadeneira P, Cooley MB. 2019. New strategies for the enumeration of enteric pathogens in water. Environmental Microbiology. 11(6):765-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12786.

Genome sequence of a T4-like phage, Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-Sa45lw, infecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Zhang, Y., Salvador, A., Wu, V.C. 2019. Genome sequence of a T4-like phage, Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-Sa45lw, infecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e00804-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00804-19.

Malvidin 3-glucoside modulated gut microbial dysbiosis and global metabolome disrupted in a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, F., Wang, T.T., Tang, Q., Xue, C., Li, R.W., Wu, V.C. 2019. Malvidin 3-glucoside modulated gut microbial dysbiosis and global metabolome disrupted in a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 1900455:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900455.

Enhanced formation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli persister variants in environments relevant to leafy greens production - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thao, S., Brandl, M., Carter, M.Q. 2019. Enhanced formation of persister variants in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli under conditions relevant to fresh produce production. Food Microbiology. 84:103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.103241.

Characterization of a lytic bacteriophage as an antimicrobial agent for biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145 strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Salvador, A., Harden, L.A., Liu, F., Lavenburg, V.M., Li, R.W., Wu, V.C. 2019. Characterization of a lytic bacteriophage as an antimicrobial agent for biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145 strains. Antibiotics. 8(2):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020074.

The Prevalence of Bacteriophages Lytic against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and its Correlation with STEC Bacterial Hosts in an Organic Farm - (Abstract Only)

Diverse Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-specific bacteriophages exist in goat feces and the surrounding environments on an organic, produce-growing farm in Northern California, USA - (Abstract Only)

Simultaneous colorimetric detection of a variety of Salmonella spp. in food and environmental samples by optical biosensing using oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Quintela, I.A., De Los Reyes, B.G., Lin, C., Wu, V.C. 2019. Simultaneous colorimetric detection of a variety of Salmonella spp. in food and environmental samples by optical biosensing using oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10:1138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01138.

Quantitating Shiga toxin production in environmental STEC isolated from a major produce production region in California - (Abstract Only)
Silva, C.J., Lee, B.G., Yambao, J.C., Erickson-Beltran, M.L., Quinones, B. 2019. Quantitating Shiga toxin production in environmental STEC isolated from a major produce production region in California [abstract]. ASM Microbe 2019, June 20-24, 2019, San Francisco, CA. Poster AES-1194.

Validation of an ampicillin selection protocol to enrich for mutants of Listeria monocytogenes unable to replicate on fresh produce - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Jayeola, V., Parsons, C., Gorski, L.A., Kathariou, S. 2019. Validation of an ampicillin selection protocol to enrich for mutants of Listeria monocytogenes unable to replicate on fresh produce. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 366(7):fnz076. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnz076.

Identifying nonpathogenic Salmonella surrogates for industrial scale treatment of almonds using gaseous chlorine dioxide - (Abstract Only)

Identification of Nonpathogenic Surrogate Bacteria Applicable for Industrial-Scale Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment on Baby Carrots - (Abstract Only)

Curli fimbriae confer shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli a competitive trait in mixed biofilms - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Feng, D., Li, H. 2019. Curli fimbriae confer shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli a competitive trait in mixed biofilms. Food Microbiology. 82:482-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.024.

Implementation of Fluorescent Assays to Measure Membrane Damage to Escherichia coli O157:H7 after Exposure to Chlorine Dioxide - (Abstract Only)

Synergistic effect of back-to-back treatment with two different low-dosage antimicrobial washes in combination with frozen storage increases Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes reduction on wild blueberries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tadepalli, S., Bridges, D.F., Anderson, R., Zhang, R., Wu, V.C. 2019. Synergistic effect of back-to-back treatment with two different low-dosage antimicrobial washes in combination with frozen storage increases Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes reduction on wild blueberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 102: 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.013.

Discovery of novel shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)- specific bacteriophages from non-fecal composts using genomic characterization - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Sun, X., Quintela, I.A., Bridges, D.F., Liu, F., Zhang, Y., Salvador, A., Wu, V.C. 2019. Discovery of novel shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)- specific bacteriophages from non-fecal composts using genomic characterization. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10:627. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00627.

Characterization of conditions for bacteria-human norovirus capsid P protein complex (BPC) binding to and removal from Romaine lettuce extract - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rong, S., Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Guan, S., Zhang, S., Cai, B., Wang, D., Tian, P., Li, Q. 2019. Characterization of conditions for bacteria-human norovirus capsid P protein complex (BPC) binding to and removal from Romaine lettuce extract. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 298:11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.008.

Genomic Characterization of a T4-Like Bacteriophage Isolated from Surface Water in a Produce-Growing Area in Salinas, California as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli - (Abstract Only)

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains - (Abstract Only)

Quantitating and verifying Shiga toxin expression from Californian environmental STEC by mass spectrometry - (Abstract Only)
Silva, C.J., Lee, B.G., Yambao, J.C., Erickson-Beltran, M.L., Quinones, B. 2019. Quantitating and verifying Shiga toxin expression from Californian environmental STEC by mass spectrometry. Meeting Abstract. Poster. ARS-FSIS 2019 meeting.

Complete genome sequence of a lytic T7-like phage, Escherichia phage vB_EcoP-Ro45lw, isolated from non-fecal compost samples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Liu, F., Wu, V.C. 2019. Complete genome sequence of a lytic T7-like phage, Escherichia phage vB_EcoP-Ro45lw, isolated from non-fecal compost samples. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8:e00036-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00036-19.

Effects of lyophilization on the stability of bacteriophages against different serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - (Abstract Only)

Prediction, diversity, and genomic analysis of temperate phages induced from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - (Abstract Only)

Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium on blueberries through brief-exposure to antimicrobial solutions coupled with freezing - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bridges, D.F., Tadepalli, S., Anderson, R., Zhang, R., Wu, V.C. 2019. Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium on blueberries through brief-exposure to antimicrobial solutions coupled with freezing. Journal of Food Protection. 82(6):926-930. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-433.

A clonal shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O121:H19 population exhibits diverse carbon utilization patterns - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Tan, Z., Pham, A.C., Carychao, D.K., Cooley, M.B. 2019. A clonal shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O121:H19 population exhibits diverse carbon utilization patterns. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 16(6):384-393. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2567.

Quantitating Shiga toxins produced by environmental E. coli - (Other)
Silva, C.J., Lee, B.G., Yambao, J.C., Erickson-Beltran, M.L., Quinones B. 2019. Quantitating Shiga toxins produced by environmental E. coli. Cover, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(5). February 6, 2019.

Using nanospray liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to quantitate Shiga toxin production in environmental Escherichia coli recovered from a major produce production region in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silva, C.J., Lee, B.G., Yambao, J.C., Erickson-Beltran, M.L., Quiñones, B. 2019. Using nanospray liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to quantitate Shiga toxin production in environmental Escherichia coli recovered from a major produce production region in California. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(5):1554-1562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05324.

Complete genome sequences of three Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111:H8 strains exhibiting an aggregation phenotype - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Parker, C., Huynh, S., Bono, J.L., Miller, W.G., Cooley, M.B., Brandl, M. 2019. Complete genome sequences of three Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111:H8 strains exhibiting an aggregation phenotype. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8(1):e01335-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01335-18.

Complete genome sequence of Escherichia Phage vB_EcoM-Pr121LW isolated from soil in an organic farm - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Liu, F., Wu, V.C. 2018. Complete genome sequence of Escherichia Phage vB_EcoM-Pr121LW isolated from soil in an organic farm. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 7:e01236-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01236-18.

imGLAD: accurate detection and quantification of target organisms in metagenomes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Castro, J.C., Rodriguez, L.M., Harvey, W.T., Weigland, M.R., Hatt, J.K., Carter, M.Q., Konstantinidis, K. 2018. imGLAD: accurate detection and quantification of target organisms in metagenomes. PeerJ. 6:e5882. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5882.

Development and evaluation of a novel in situ target-capture approach for aptamer selection of human noroviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., Jia, F., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Wang, D. 2018. Development and evaluation of a novel in situ target-capture approach for aptamer selection of human noroviruses. Talanta. 193:199-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.084.

Antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin rich Chinese wild blueberry extract on various foodborne pathogens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sun, X., Zhou, T., Wei, C., Lan, W., Zhao, Y., Pan, Y., Wu, V.C. 2018. Antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin rich Chinese wild blueberry extract on various foodborne pathogens. Food Control. 94:155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.012.

Gaseous chlorine dioxide for post-harvest treatment of produce - (Book / Chapter)
Bridges, D.F., Wu, V.C. 2018. Gaseous chlorine dioxide for post-harvest treatment of produce. Book Chapter. Editor: M.W. Siddiqui. Elsevier Ltd, Academic Press, Oxford, GB. Ch. 13. pp 243-252.

Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli Phage vB_EcoS Sa179lw isolated from surface water in a produce-growing area in northern california - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Liu, F., Sun, X., Li, R.W., Wu, V.C. 2018. Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli Phage vB_EcoS Sa179lw isolated from surface water in a produce-growing area in northern California. Genome Announcements. 6(27):e00337-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00337-18.

Complete genome sequences of two atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O145 environmental strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C. 2018. Complete genome sequences of two atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O145 environmental strains. Genome Announcements. 6:e00418-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00418-18.

The effectiveness of closed-circulation gaseous chlorine dioxide or ozone treatment against bacterial pathogens on produce food control - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bridges, D.F., Rane, B., Wu, V.C. 2018. The effectiveness of closed-circulation gaseous chlorine dioxide or ozone treatment against bacterial pathogens on produce food control. Food Control. 91(2018):261-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.004.

Complete genome sequence of a natural Escherichia coli O145:H11 isolate that belongs to Phylo-group A - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C. 2018. Complete genome sequence of a natural Escherichia coli O145:H11 isolate that belongs to Phylo-group A. Genome Announcements. 6:e000349-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00349-18.

Isolation of bacteriophages against non-O157 and O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from composting of non-fecal materials and the potential impact on produce safety - (Abstract Only)

Characterization of free lytic bacteriophages isolated from compost against O145 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as a potential biocontrol agent - (Abstract Only)

Prevalence and molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood in Shanghai using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) - (Abstract Only)

Listeria monocytogenes source distribution analysis indicates regional heterogeneity and ecological niche preference among serotype 4b clones - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S., Chen, Y., Gorski, L.A., Ward, T.J., Osborne, J., Kathariou, S. 2018. Listeria monocytogenes source distribution analysis indicates regional heterogeneity and ecological niche preference among serotype 4b clones. mBio. 9(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00396-18.

Identification of novel bacteriophage peptides using a combination of gene sequence LC-MS-MS analysis and BLASTP - (Abstract Only)

Optimized co-extraction and quantification of DNA from enteric pathogens in surface water samples near produce fields in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cooley, M.B., Carychao, D.K., Gorski, L.A. 2018. Optimized co-extraction and quantification of DNA from enteric pathogens in surface water samples near produce fields in California. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9:448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00448.

Effectiveness of different antimicrobial washes combined with freezing against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on blueberries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tadepalli, S., Bridges, D.F., Driver, R., Wu, V.C. 2018. Effectiveness of different antimicrobial washes combined with freezing against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on blueberries. Food Microbiology. 74:34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.02.018.

Investigation of prevalence of free Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-specific bacteriophages and the correlation with STEC bacterial hosts in produce-growing area in Salinas, California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Liao, Y., Quintela, I., Nguyen, K.M., Salvador, A., Cooley, M.B., Wu, V.C. 2018. Investigation of prevalence of free Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-specific bacteriophages and the correlation with STEC bacterial hosts in produce-growing area in Salinas, California. PLoS One. 13(1):e0190534. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190534.

Production of the plant hormone auxin by Salmonella and its role in the interactions with plants and animals - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cox, C.E., Brandl, M., De Moraes, M.H., Gunasekera, S.P., Teplitski, M. 2018. Production of the plant hormone auxin by Salmonella and its role in the interactions with plants and animals. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:2668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02668.

Interactions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Pectobacterium carotovorum within a tomato soft rot - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
George, A., Cox, C., Desai, P., Porwolik, S., Chu, W., De Moraes, M.H., McClelland, M., Brandl, M., Teplitski, M. 2017. Interactions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Pectobacterium carotovorum within a tomato soft rot. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84:e01913-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01913-17.

Survival of foodborne pathogens on commercially packed table grapes under simulated refrigerated transit conditions - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Feng, D., Chapman, M.H., Gabler, F. 2017. Survival of foodborne pathogens on commercially packed table grapes under simulated refrigerated transit conditions. Food Microbiology. 72:199-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.12.004.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 converts plant-derived choline to glycine betaine for osmoprotection during pre- and post-harvest colonization of injured lettuce leaves - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Scott, R.A., Thilmony, R.L., Harden, L.A., Zhou, Y., Brandl, M. 2017. Escherichia coli O157:H7 converts plant-derived choline to glycine betaine for osmoprotection during pre- and post-harvest colonization of injured lettuce leaves. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:2436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02436.

A bacterial surface display system expressing cleavable capsid proteins of human norovirus: a novel system to discover candidate receptors - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xu, Q., Ni, P., Liu, D., Yin, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, J., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Shi, X., Wang, D. 2017. A bacterial surface display system expressing cleavable capsid proteins of human norovirus: a novel system to discover candidate receptors. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:2405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02405.

Conditional function of autoaggregative protein cah and common cah mutations in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Brandl, M., Kudva, I.T., Katani, R., Moreau, M.R., Kapur, V. 2017. Conditional function of autoaggregative protein cah and common cah mutations in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84(1):e01739-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01739-17.

Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars isolated from farm products in Shanghai - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ni, P., Xu, Q., Yin, Y., Liu, D., Zhang, J., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Shi, X., Wang, D. 2017. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars isolated from farm products in Shanghai. Food Control. 85:269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.009.

Assessing the ability of Salmonella enterica to translocate Type III effectors into plant cells - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chalupowicz, L., Nissan, G., Brandl, M., McClelland, M., Sessa, G. Popov G., Barash, I., Manulis-Sasson, S. 2018. Assessing the ability of Salmonella enterica to translocate Type III effectors into plant cells. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 31(2):233-239. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-17-0166-R.

Binding of Escherichia coli does not protect tulane virus from heat-inactivation regardless the expression of HBGA-like molecules - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, Q., Wang, D., Yang, D., Shan, L., Tian, P. 2017. Binding of Escherichia coli does not protect tulane virus from heat-inactivation regardless the expression of HBGA-like molecules. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:1746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01746.

Estimation of human norovirus infectivity from environmental water Samples by In Situ capture RT-qPCR method. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tian, P., Yang, D., Lei, S., Li, Q., Liu, D., Wang, D. 2017. Estimation of human norovirus infectivity from environmental water Samples by In Situ capture RT-qPCR method.. Food and Environmental Virology. 10(1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-017-9317-1.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Shiga toxin-producing Enterobacter cloacae Clinical Isolate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carter, M.Q., Pham, A.C., Huynh, S., He, X. 2017. Complete Genome Sequence of a Shiga toxin-producing Enterobacter cloacae Clinical Isolate. Genome Announcements. 5(37):e00883-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00883-17.

Inhibition of Tulane Virus replication via exposure to lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bridges, D., Beard, A., Lacombe, A., Valentine, D.C., Tadepalli, S., Wu, V.C. 2017. Inhibition of Tulane Virus replication via exposure to lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components. Journal of Berry Research. 7(4):281-289. doi:10.3233/JBR-170164.

Investigation of environmental factors on the prevalence of free bacteriophages against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in produce pre-harvest environment in Salinas, California - (Abstract Only)

Biotinylation of environmentally isolated Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) – specific bacteriophages for biosensor and biocontrol applications - (Abstract Only)

Disruption the Outer Membrane of Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using Proanthocyanidins - (Abstract Only)

Prevalence and Molecular Typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (tdh+) isolated from seafood using PCR-based methods - (Abstract Only)

Antibacterial characteristics of anthocyanins extracted from wild blueberries against foodborne pathogens - (Abstract Only)

In situ capture RT-qPCR: a new simple and sensitive method to detect human norovirus in oysters - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhou, Z., Tian, Z., Li, Q., Tian, P., Wu, Q., Wang, D., Shi, X. 2017. In situ capture RT-qPCR: a new simple and sensitive method to detect human norovirus in oysters. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00554.

Investigation of environmental factors on the prevalence of free bacteriophages against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in produce pre-harvest environment in Salinas, California - (Proceedings)
Liao, Y., Quintela, I., Nguyen, K.M., Salvador, A., Cooley, M.B., Wu, V.C. 2017. Investigation of environmental factors on the prevalence of free bacteriophages against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in produce pre-harvest environment in Salinas, California. Meeting Proceedings. 2017 USDA-ARS/FSIS Annual Food Safety Meeting. NCTC, Shepherdstown, WV. Section Z, P13.

Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages as potential agents against Shiga toxin – producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains - (Proceedings)
Quintela, I.A., Liao, Y., Valentine, D., Zhang, R., Anderson, G., Delos Reyes, B.G., Nguyen, K.M., Wu, V.C. 2017. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages as potential agents against Shiga toxin – producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. Meeting Proceedings. . 2017 USDA-ARS/FSIS Annual Food Safety Meeting. NCTC, Shepherdstown, WV. Section Z, P12.

Bacterial surface-displayed GII.4 human norovirus capsid proteins bound to HBGA-like molecules in romaine lettuce - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, M., Rong, S., Tian, P., Zhou, Y., Guan, S., Li, Q., Wang, D. 2017. Bacterial surface-displayed GII.4 human norovirus capsid proteins bound to HBGA-like molecules in romaine lettuce. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8:251. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00251.

Salmonella spp. dynamics in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, V.C., Drummond, F., Tadepalli, S., Camire, M., Davis-Dentici, K., Bushway, A., Yarborough, D.E. 2017. Salmonella spp. dynamics in wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton. World Journal of Microbiology. 4(1):64-71.

Simultaneous direct detection of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains by gold nanoparticle optical sensing - (Abstract Only)

The Potential of Berries to Serve as Selective Inhibitors of Pathogens and Promoters of Beneficial Microorganisms - (Review Article)
Lacombe, A., Wu, V.C. 2017. The Potential of Berries to Serve as Selective Inhibitors of Pathogens and Promoters of Beneficial Microorganisms. Food Quality and Safety. 1(1):3-12. doi:10.1093/fqs/fyx001.

Decoding the ecological function of accessory genome - (Review Article)
Carter, M.Q. 2016. Decoding the ecological function of accessory genome. Trends in Microbiology. 25(1):6-8. doi:org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.012.

The majority of genotypes of the virulence gene inlA are intact among natural watershed isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from the Central California Coast - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gorski, L.A., Parker, C., Liang, A.S., Walker, S., Romanola, K. 2016. The majority of genotypes of the virulence gene inlA are intact among natural watershed isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from the Central California Coast. PLoS One. 11(12):e0167566. doi:org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167566.