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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Albany, California » Western Regional Research Center » Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research » Research » Research Project #430817

Research Project: Biocontrol Interventions for High-Value Agricultural Commodities

Location: Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Method for high-throughput antifungal activity screening of bacterial strain libraries Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Palumbo, J.D., O'Keeffe, T.L. 2021. Method for high-throughput antifungal activity screening of bacterial strain libraries. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 189. Article 106311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106311.

Dose response of coconut rhinoceros beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to 92 kV x-ray irradiation Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Jenkins, D.M., Watanabe, S., Haff, R.P., Melzer, M.J., Jackson, E.S., Liang, P. 2021. Dose response of coconut rhinoceros beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to 92 kV x-ray irradiation. Journal of Applied Entomology. 145(10):1039-1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12930.

Role of soil in the regulation of human and plant pathogens: Soils' contributions to people Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Samaddar, S., Karp, D., Schmidt, R., Devarajan, J., McGarvey, J.A., Pires, A., Scow, K. 2021. Role of soil in the regulation of human and plant pathogens: Soils' contributions to people. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 376. Article 20200179. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0179.

Cascading effects of composts and cover crops on soil chemistry, bacterial communities, and the survival of foodborne pathogens Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Devarajan, J., Mcgarvey, J.A., Scow, K., Jones, M., Lee, S., Samaddar, S., Schmidt, R., Tran, T., Karp, D. 2021. Cascading effects of composts and cover crops on soil chemistry, bacterial communities, and the survival of foodborne pathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15054.

Bioactive half-sandwich Rh and Ir bipyridyl complexes containing artemisinin Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chellan, P., Avery, V.M., Duffy, S., Land, K., Tam, C.C., Kim, J., Cheng, L.W., Romero-Canelón, I., Sadler, P.J. 2021. Bioactive half-sandwich Rh and Ir bipyridyl complexes containing artemisinin. Inorganic Biochemistry. 219. Article 111408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111408.

Antifungal drug repurposing Reprint Icon - (Review Article)
Kim, J., Cheng, L.W., Chan, K.L., Tam, C.C., Mahoney, N.E., Friedman, M., Shilman, M.M., Land, K.M. 2020. Antifungal drug repurposing. Antibiotics. 9(11):812. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110812.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ALB65 inhibits the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on cantaloupe melons Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tran, T.D., Del Cid, C., Hnasko, R.M., Gorski, L.A., McGarvey, J.A. 2020. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ALB65 inhibits the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on cantaloupe melons. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87(1). Article e01926-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01926-20.

Fate of aflatoxins during almond oil processing Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mahoney, N.E., Cheng, L.W., Palumbo, J.D. 2020. Fate of aflatoxins during almond oil processing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 84(1):106–112. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-229.

Crosstalk between the antioxidant and cell wall integrity systems in fungi by 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, J., Chan, K.L., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M. 2020. Crosstalk between the antioxidant and cell wall integrity systems in fungi by 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Cogent Food & Agriculture. 6(1). Article 1823593. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1823593.

Effect of blanching on aflatoxin contamination and cross-contamination of almonds Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mahoney, N.E., Cheng, L.W., Palumbo, J.D. 2020. Effect of blanching on aflatoxin contamination and cross-contamination of almonds. Journal of Food Protection. 83(12):2187–2192. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-218.

X-ray based sterilization of larvae of the navel orangeworm (lepidoptera:pyralaide) for sterile insect technique Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Haff, R.P., Ovchinnikova, I., Liang, P., Mahoney, N.E., Gee, W.S., Gomez, J., Toyofuku, N., Jackson, E.S., Hnasko, R.M., Light, D. 2020. X-ray based sterilization of larvae of the navel orangeworm (lepidoptera:pyralaide) for sterile insect technique. Journal of Economic Entomology. 113(4):1685-1693. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa111.

Complete genomic sequences of three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen strains from an orchard in San Joaquin County, California Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tran, T.D., Huynh, S., Parker, C., Hnasko, R.M., Gorski, L.A., Khalsa Sat, D., Brown, P., McGarvey, J.A. 2020. Complete genomic sequences of three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen strains from an orchard in San Joaquin County, California. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 9(13):e00048-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00048-20.

Rapid elimination of foodborne and environmental fungal contaminants by benzo analogs Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, J., Chan, K.L., Mahoney, N.E., Cheng, L.W., Tautges, N., Scow, K. 2020. Rapid elimination of foodborne and environmental fungal contaminants by benzo analogs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 100(6):2800–2806. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10288.

Use of phyllosphere associated lactic acid bacteria as biocontrol agents to reduce salmonella enterica serovar poona growth on cantaloupe melons Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
McGarvey, J.A., Tran, T.D., Hnasko, R.M., Gorski, L.A. 2019. Use of phyllosphere associated lactic acid bacteria as biocontrol agents to reduce salmonella enterica serovar poona growth on cantaloupe melons. Journal of Food Protection. 82(12):2148-2153. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-246.

Aspergillus flavus NRRL 35739, a poor biocontrol agent, may have increased relative expression of stress response genes Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pennerman, K.K., Yin, G., Bennett, J.W., Hua, S.T. 2019. Aspergillus flavus NRRL 35739, a poor biocontrol agent, may have increased relative expression of stress response genes. The Journal of Fungi. 5(2):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5020053.

Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of functionalized 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Singh, A., Zhang, D., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M., Kumar, V. 2019. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of functionalized 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 896:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.025.

Dual culture of atoxigenic and toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus to gain insight into repression of aflatoxin biosynthesis and fungal interaction Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hua, S.T., Parfitt, D., Sarreal, S.L., Sidhu, G.K. 2019. Dual culture of atoxigenic and toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus to gain insight into repression of aflatoxin biosynthesis and fungal interaction. Mycotoxin Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-019-00364-w.

Comparison of Aspergillus section Nigri species populations in conventional and organic raisin vineyards Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Palumbo, J.D., O'Keeffe, T.L., Quejarro, B., Yu, A., Zhao, A. 2019. Comparison of Aspergillus section Nigri species populations in conventional and organic raisin vineyards. Mycotoxin Research. 76(7):848-854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-019-01697-6.

High efficiency drug repurposing design for new antifungal agents Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, J., Chan, K.L., Cheng, L.W., Tell, L.A., Byrne, B.A., Clothier, K., Land, K.M. 2019. High efficiency drug repurposing design for new antifungal agents. Methods and Protocols. 2(2):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps2020031.

Volatile 1-octen-3-ol increases patulin production by Penicillium expansum on a patulin-suppressing medium Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pennerman, K.K., Scarsella, J.B., Yin, G., Hua, S.T., Hartman, T.G., Bennett, J.W. 2019. Volatile 1-octen-3-ol increases patulin production by Penicillium expansum on a patulin-suppressing medium. Mycotoxin Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-019-00348-w.

Antiprotozoal activity of palladium (II) salicylaldiminato thiosemicarbazone complexes on metronidazole resistant Trichomonas vaginalis Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chellan, P., Stringer, T., Shokar, A., Au, A., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Smith, G.S., Land, K.M. 2019. Antiprotozoal activity of palladium (II) salicylaldiminato thiosemicarbazone complexes on metronidazole resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. Inorganic Chemistry. (102):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.033.

Exposure of consumers and farmers to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in Northern Thailand Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hongsibsong, S., Prapamontol, T., Dong, J., Bever, C.R., Xu, Z., Gee, S.J., Hammock, B.D. 2019. Exposure of consumers and farmers to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in Northern Thailand. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 14(1):17-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-019-01207-7.

Transcriptional regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis and conidiation in Aspergillus flavus by Wickerhamomyces anomalus WRL-076 for reduction of aflatoxin contamination Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hua, S.T., Sarreal, S.L., Chang, P., Yu, J. 2019. Transcriptional regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis and conidiation in Aspergillus flavus by Wickerhamomyces anomalus WRL-076 for reduction of aflatoxin contamination. Toxins. 11(2):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020081.

Bacterial population dynamics after foliar fertilization of almond leaves Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
McGarvey, J.A., Han, R., Tran, T., Hnasko, R.M., Brown, P. 2018. Bacterial population dynamics after foliar fertilization of almond leaves. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 126(3):945-953. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14169.

Competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays for the detection of benzothiostrobin using magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peptides Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chen, H., Yang, Q., Ding, Y., Vasylieva, N., Bever, C.R., Hua, X., Wang, M., Hammock, B.D. 2018. Competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays for the detection of benzothiostrobin using magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peptides. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 411:527-535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1478-8.

Complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain 14B4, which inhibits the growth of Salmonella enterica serotype Poona in vitro Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tran, T.D., Huynh, S., Parker, C., Han, R., Hnasko, R.M., Gorski, L.A., McGarvey, J.A. 2018. Complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain 14B4, which inhibits the growth of Salmonella enterica serotype Poona in vitro. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 7(19):e01364-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01364-18.

Highly potent 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin-metronidazole conjugates against anaerobic foodborne, waterborne, and sexually-transmitted protozoal parasites Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kumar, S., Bains, T., Kim, A., Tam, C.C., Kim, J., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M., Debnath, A., Kumar, V. 2018. Highly potent 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin-metronidazole conjugates against anaerobic foodborne, waterborne, and sexually-transmitted protozoal parasites. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 8:380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00380.

Impedance detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid with a noncompetitive two-site phage anti-immunocomplex assay Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pali, M., Bever, C.R., Vasylieva, N., Hammock, B.D., Suni, I.I. 2018. Impedance detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid with a noncompetitive two-site phage anti-immunocomplex assay. Electroanalysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201800457.

Dosage-dependent effects of Monensin on the rumen microbiota of lactating dairy cattle Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
McGarvey, J.A., Place, S., Palumbo, J.D., Hnasko, R.M., Mitloehner, F. 2018. Dosage-dependent effects of Monensin on the rumen microbiota of lactating dairy cattle. Advances in Dairy Research. 8(7):e00783. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.783.

Cinnamoyl-oxaborole amides: Synthesis and their in Vitro biological activity Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gumbo, M., Beteck, R.M., Mandizvo, T., Seldon, R., Warner, D.F., Hoppe, H.C., Issacs, M., Laming, D., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Liu, N., Land, K.M., Khanye, S.D. 2018. Cinnamoyl-oxaborole amides: Synthesis and their in Vitro biological activity. Molecules. 23(8):2038. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082038.

Biocontrol strain Aspergillus flavus WRRL 1519 has differences in chromosomal organization and an increased number of transposon-like elements compared to other strains Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pennerman, K.K., Gonzalez, J., Chenoweth, L.F., Bennett, J.W., Yin, G., Hua, S.T. 2018. Biocontrol strain Aspergillus flavus WRRL 1519 has differences in chromosomal organization and an increased number of transposon-like elements compared to other strains. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 293(6):1507-1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1474-x.

Synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial analysis of Isatin-ferrocene and Isatin-ferrocenyl-chalcone conjugates Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Singh, A., Fong, G., Liu, J., Wu, Y., Chang, K., Park, W., Kim, J., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M., Kumar, V. 2018. Synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial analysis of Isatin-ferrocene and Isatin-ferrocenyl-chalcone conjugates. ACS Omega. 3(5):5808-5813. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00553.

Genome sequence and comparative analyses of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus WRRL 1519 Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yin, G., Hua, S.T., Pennerman, K.K., Yu, J., Bu, L., Sayre, R.T., Bennett, J. 2018. Genome sequence and comparative analyses of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus WRRL 1519. Mycologia. 110(3):482-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1468201.

Organometallic conjugates of the drug sulfadoxine for combatting antimicrobial resistance Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chellan, P., Avery, V., Duffy, S., Triccas, J.A., Nagalingam, G., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Liu, J., Land, K.M., Clarkson, G.J., Romero, I., Sadler, P.J. 2018. Organometallic conjugates of the drug sulfadoxine for combatting antimicrobial resistance. Chemistry - A European Journal. 24(40):10078-10090. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201801090.

Effects of triclosan in breast milk on the infant fecal microbiome Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bever, C.R., Rand, A., Nording, M., Taft, D., Kalanetra, K.M., Mills, D.A., Breck, M., Smilowitz, J., German, B., Hammock, B.D. 2018. Effects of triclosan in breast milk on the infant fecal microbiome. Chemosphere. 203(2018):467-473. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.186.

Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for population analysis of aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus mixtures in soil Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hua, S.T., Palumbo, J.D., Parfitt, D., Sarreal, S.L., O'Keeffe, T.L. 2018. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for population analysis of aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus mixtures in soil. Mycotoxin Research. 34(3):187-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-018-0313-6.

Cinnamic acid analogs as intervention catalysts for overcoming antifungal tolerance Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, J., Chan, K.L., Cheng, L.W. 2017. Cinnamic acid analogs as intervention catalysts for overcoming antifungal tolerance. Molecules. 22(10):1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101783.

Design, synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of n-alkyl chain tethered c-5 functionalized bis-isatins Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Singh, A., Nisha, Bains, T., Hahn, H.J., Liu, N., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Kim, J.H., Debnath, A., Land, K.M., Kumar, V. 2017. Design, synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of n-alkyl chain tethered c-5 functionalized bis-isatins. MedChemComm. 8(10):1982-1992. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7MD00434F.

Antimicrobial activity of organometallic isonicotinyl and pyrazinyl ferrocenyl-derived complexes Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stringer, T., Seldon, R., Liu, N., Warner, D.F., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M., Smith, P.J., Chibale, K., Smith, G.S. 2017. Antimicrobial activity of organometallic isonicotinyl and pyrazinyl ferrocenyl-derived complexes. Dalton Transactions. 46:9875-9885. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7dt01952a.

Nanobody based immunoassay for human soluble epoxide hydrolase detection using polyHRP for signal enhancement—the rediscovery of polyHRP - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, D., Cui, Y., Morisseau, C., Gee, S., Bever, C.R., Liu, X., Wu, J., Hammock, B., Ying, Y., Stanker, L.H. 2017. Nanobody based immunoassay for human soluble epoxide hydrolase detection using polyHRP for signal enhancement—the rediscovery of polyHRP. Analytical Chemist. 14:24-30. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01247.

Design and testing of safer more effective preservatives for consumer products Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Buckley, H.L., Hart-Cooper, W.M., Kim, J.H., Faulkner, D.N., Cheng, L.W., Chan, K.L., Vulpe, C.D., Orts, W.J., Amrose, S.E., Mulvihill, M.J. 2017. Design and testing of safer, more effective preservatives for consumer products. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5(5):4320-4331. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00374.

A risk assessment of dietary ochratoxin A in the United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mitchell, N.J., Chen, C., Palumbo, J.D., Bianchini, A., Stratton, J., Cappozzo, J., Ryu, D., Wu, F. 2017. A risk assessment of dietary ochratoxin A in the United States. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 100(2017):265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.037.

Antifungal efficacy of octylgallate and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol for control of Aspergillus Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, J.H., Hart-Cooper, W.M., Chan, K.L., Cheng, L.W., Orts, W.J., Johnson, K. 2016. Antifungal efficacy of octylgallate and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol for control of Aspergillus. Microbiology Discovery. 4:2.

Genome sequencing and analyses of the postharvest fungus Penicillium expansum R21 - (Research Notes)
Yin, G., Zhang, Y., Hua, S.T., Yu, J., Bu, L., Pennerman, K.K., Huang, Q., Guo, A., Bennett, J.W. 2017. Genome sequencing and analyses of the postharvest fungus Penicillium expansum R21. Genome Announcements. 5:e01516-16 https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01516-16.

Addition of pear ester enhances disruption of mating by female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in walnut orchards treated with meso dispensers Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Light, D.M., Grant, J., Haff, R.P., Knight, A.L. 2017. Addition of pear ester enhances disruption of mating by female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in walnut orchards treated with meso dispensers. Environmental Entomology. 46(2):319-327.

Bioisosteric ferrocenyl-containing quinolines with antiplasmodial and antitrichomonal properties Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Adams, M., Stringer, T., De Kock, C., Smith, P.J., Land, K.M., Liu, N., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Njoroge, M., Chibale, K., Smith, G.S. 2016. Bioisosteric ferrocenyl-containing quinolines with antiplasmodial and antitrichomonal properties. Dalton Transactions. 45(47):19086-19095.

Transcriptomic responses of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala to aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus - (Proceedings)
Hua, S.T. 2016. Transcriptomic responses of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala to aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. IOBC/WPRS Bullentin. 117:41-44

Mono- and multimeric ferrocene congeners of quinoline-based polyamines as potential antiparasitics Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stringer, T., De Kock, C., Guzgay, H., Okombo, J., Liu, J., Kanetake, S., Kim, J., Tam, C.C., Cheng, L.W., Smith, P.J., Hendricks, D.T., Land, K.M., Egan, T.J., Smith, G.S. 2016. Mono- and multimeric ferrocene congeners of quinoline-based polyamines as potential antiparasitics. Dalton Transactions. 45:13415-13426 doi: 10.1039/c6dt02685k.

Mycotoxins - (Book / Chapter)
Hua, S.T., Chang, P., Palumbo, J.D. 2017. Mycotoxins. In: Witczak, A., Sikorski, Z., editors. Toxins and Other Harmful Compounds in Foods. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 153-168.

Methyl-esterified 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomers protect bacteria from hydroxyl radicals - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Koskimaki, J.J., Kajula, M., Hokkanen, J., Ihantola, E., Kim, J.H., Hautajarvi, H., Hankala, E., Suokas, M., Pohjanen, J., Podolich, O., Kozyrovska, N., Turpeinen, A., Paakkonen, M., Mattila, S., Campbell, B.C., Pirttila, A., Cheng, L.W. 2016. Methyl-esterified 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomers protect bacteria from hydroxyl radicals. Nature Chemical Biology. 2016 12:332-338. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2043.