Research Project: Development of Detection and Control Strategies for Bovine Babesiosis and Equine Piroplasmosis

Location: Animal Disease Research Unit

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Assessment of an in vitro tick feeding system for the successful feeding of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Asri, B., Tahir, D., Evans, A., Meyer, L.N., Rhalem, A., Bouslikhane, M., Ueti, M.W., Madder, M. 2023. Assessment of an in vitro tick feeding system for the successful feeding of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Parasitologia. 3(2):101–108. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3020012.

Theileria equi RAP-1a and RAP-1b proteins contain immunoreactive epitopes and are suitable candidates for vaccine and diagnostics development - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Onzere, C.K., Fry, L.M., Bishop, R.P., Da Silva, M., Madsen-Bouterse, S.A., Bastos, R.G., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Theileria equi RAP-1a and RAP-1b proteins contain immunoreactive epitopes and are suitable candidates for vaccine and diagnostics development. International Journal for Parasitology. 52(6):385-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.004.

Serological and molecular detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Mexico: A prospective study - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Salinas-Estrella, E., Ueti, M.W., Lobanov, V.A., Castillo-Payró, E., Lizcano-Mata, A., Badilla, C., Martínez-Ibáñez, F., Mosqueda, J. 2022. Serological and molecular detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Mexico: A prospective study. PLoS ONE. 17(3). Article e0264998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264998.

Babesia bovis AMA-1, MSA-2c and RAP-1 contain conserved B and T-cell epitopes, which generate neutralizing antibodies and a long-lasting Th1 immune response in vaccinated cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hidalgo-Ruiz, M., Mejia-López, S., Perez-Serrano, R.M., Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea, R., Ganzinelli, S., Florin-Christensen, M., Suarez, C.E., Hernández-Ortiz, R., Mercado-Uriostegui, M.A., Rodríguez-Torres, A., Carvajal-Gamez, B.I., Camacho-Nuez, M., Wilkowsky, S.E., Mosqueda, J. 2022. Babesia bovis AMA-1, MSA-2c and RAP-1 contain conserved B and T-cell epitopes, which generate neutralizing antibodies and a long-lasting Th1 immune response in vaccinated cattle. Vaccine. 40(8):1108-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.023.

Harnessing Mycobacterium bovis BCG trained immunity to control human and bovine babesiosis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bastos, R.G., Alzan, H.F., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Dellagostin, O.A., Barletta, R.G., Suarez, C.E. 2022. Harnessing Mycobacterium bovis BCG trained immunity to control human and bovine babesiosis. Vaccines. 10(1). Article 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010123.

Immunization against a conserved surface polysaccharide stimulates bovine antibodies with opsonic killing activity but does not protect against Babesia bovis challenge - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Taus, N.S., Cywes-Bently, C., Johnson, W.C., Pier, G.B., Fry, L.M., Mousel, M.R., Ueti, M.W. 2021. Immunization against a conserved surface polysaccharide stimulates bovine antibodies with opsonic killing activity but does not protect against Babesia bovis challenge. Pathogens. 10(12). Article 1598. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121598.

Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vimonish, R., Dinkel, K.D., Fry, L.M., Johnson, W.C., Capelli-Peixoto, J., Bastos, R.G., Scoles, G.A., Knowles, D.P., Madder, M., Chaka, G., Ueti, M.W. 2021. Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 616. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05120-7.

In silico survey and characterization of Babesia microti functional and non-functional proteases - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Florin-Christensen, M., Wieser, S.N., Suarez, C.E., Schnittger, L. 2021. In silico survey and characterization of Babesia microti functional and non-functional proteases. Pathogens. 10(11). Article 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111457.

Babesia microti immunoreactive rhoptry-associated protein-1 paralogs are ancestral members of the piroplasmid-confined RAP-1 family - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Basto, R.G., Thekkiniath, J., Mamoun, C.B., Fuller, L., Molestina, R.E., Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Babesia microti immunoreactive rhoptry-associated protein-1 paralogs are ancestral members of the piroplasmid-confined RAP-1 family. Pathogens. 10(11). Article 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111384.

Advances in understanding of the immune response to mycobacterial pathogens and vaccines through use of cattle and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a prototypic mycobacterial pathogen - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, W.C., Abdellrazeq, G.S., Mahmoud, A.H., Park, K., Elnaggar, M.M., Donofrio, G., Hulubei, V., Fry, L.M. 2021. Advances in understanding of the immune response to mycobacterial pathogens and vaccines through use of cattle and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a prototypic mycobacterial pathogen. Vaccines. 9(10). Article 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101085.

Babesiosis as a potential threat for bovine production in China - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
He, L., Bastos, R.G., Sun, Y., Hua, G., Guan, G., Zhao, J., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Babesiosis as a potential threat for bovine production in China. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04948-3.

Differential expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, tubulin tyrosine ligase, and methyltransferase by xanthurenic acid-induced Babesia bovis sexual stages - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hussein, H.E., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Capelli-Peixoto, J., Suarez, C.E., Mousel, M.R., Ueti, M.W. 2021. Differential expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, tubulin tyrosine ligase, and methyltransferase by xanthurenic acid-induced Babesia bovis sexual stages. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 395. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04902-3.

Establishment of Babesia bovis in vitro culture using medium free of animal products - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Álvarez Martíneza, J.A., Figueroa Millán, J.V., Ueti, M.W., Rojas-Martínez, C. 2021. Establishment of Babesia bovis in vitro culture using medium free of animal products. Pathogens. 10(6). Article 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060770.

Flow cytometric analysis of the cytotoxic T-cell recall response to Theileria parva in cattle following vaccination by the infection and treatment method - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Elnaggar, M.M., Knowles, D.P., Davis, W., Fry, L.M. 2021. Flow cytometric analysis of the cytotoxic T-cell recall response to Theileria parva in cattle following vaccination by the infection and treatment method. Veterinary Sciences. 8(6). Article 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060114.

Molecular and serological detection of piroplasms in horses from Nigerian - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Idoko, I.S., Edah, R.E., Adamu, A.M., Machunga-Mambula, S., Okubanjo, O.O., Balogun, E.O., Adamu, S., Johnson, W.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Mousel, M.R., Ueti, M.W. 2021. Molecular and serological detection of piroplasms in horses from Nigerian. Pathogens. 10(5). Article 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050508.

Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Onzere, C.K., Fry, L.M., Bishop, R.P., Silva, M.G., Bastos, R.G., Knowles, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Scientific Reports. 11. Article 9301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88902-4.

Assessment of Babesia bovis 6cys A and 6cys B as components of transmission blocking vaccines for babesiosis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Alzan, H.F., Bastos, R.G., Ueti, M.W., Laughery, J.M., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Assessment of Babesia bovis 6cys A and 6cys B as components of transmission blocking vaccines for babesiosis. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04712-7.

Stray Mexico origin cattle captured crossing into Southern Texas carry Babesia bovis and other tick-borne pathogens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Scoles, G.A., Lohmeyer, K.H., Ueti, M.W., Bonilla, D., Lahmers, K.K., Piccione, J., Rogovskyy, A.S. 2021. Stray Mexico origin cattle captured crossing into Southern Texas carry Babesia bovis and other tick-borne pathogens. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 12(5). Article 101708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101708.

A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dinkel, K.D., Herndon, D.R., Noh, S.M., Lahmers, K.K., Todd, M.S., Ueti, M.W., Scoles, G.A., Mason, K.L., Fry, L.M. 2021. A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Parasites & Vectors. 14. Article 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04659-9.

Development of an indirect ELISA to detect equine antibodies to Theileira haneyi - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bastos, R.G., Sears, K.P., Dinkel, K.D., Kappmeyer, L.S., Ueti, M.W., Knowles, D.P., Fry, L.M. 2021. Development of an indirect ELISA to detect equine antibodies to Theileira haneyi. Pathogens. 10(3). Article 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030270.

Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa - (Review Article)
Florin-Christensen, M., Schnittger, L., Bastos, R.G., Rathinasamy, V.A., Cooke, B.M., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience (CABI A&B). https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116024.

Experimental infection of calves with transfected attenuated Babesia bovis expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 antigen and eGFP marker: Preliminary studies towards a dual anti-tick/Babesia vaccine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mazuz, M.L., Laughery, J.M., Lebovitz, B., Yasur-Landau, D., Rot, A., Bastos, R.G., Edery, N., Fleiderovitz, L., Levi, M.M., Suarez, C.E. 2021. Experimental infection of calves with transfected attenuated Babesia bovis expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 antigen and eGFP marker: Preliminary studies towards a dual anti-tick/Babesia vaccine. Pathogens. 10(2). Article 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020135.

N-glycosylation in piroplasmids: Diversity within simplicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Florin-Christensen, M., Rodriguez, A.E., Suarez, C.E., Ueti, M.W., Delgado, F.O., Echaide, I., Schnittger, L. 2021. N-glycosylation in piroplasmids: Diversity within simplicity. Pathogens. 10(1). Article 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010050.

Babesia bovis ligand-receptor interaction: AMA-1 contains small regions governing bovine erythrocyte binding - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cuy-Chaparro, L., Bohórquez, M.D., Arévalo-Pinzón, G., Castañeda-Ramírez, J.J., Suarez, C.F., Pabon, L., Ordoñez, D., Gallego-López, G.M., Suarez, C.E., Moreno-Pérez, D.A., Patarroyo, M.A. 2021. Babesia bovis ligand-receptor interaction: AMA-1 contains small regions governing bovine erythrocyte binding. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22(2). Article 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020714.

Imidocarb Dipropionate lacks efficacy against Theileria haneyi and fails to consistently clear Theileria equi in horses co-infected with T. haneyi - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sears, K.P., Knowles, D.P., Dinkel, K.D., Mshelia, P.W., Onzere, C., Silva, M., Fry, L.M. 2020. Imidocarb Dipropionate lacks efficacy against Theileria haneyi and fails to consistently clear Theileria equi in horses co-infected with T. haneyi. Pathogens. 9(12). Article 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121035.

Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, current gaps and opportunities for intervention - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ozubek, S., Bastos, R.G., Alzan, H.F., Inci, A., Aktas, M., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, current gaps and opportunities for intervention. Pathogens. 9(12). Article 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121041.

The key to egress? Babesia bovis perforin-like protein 1 (PLP1) with hemolytic capacity is required for blood stage replication and is involved in the exit of the parasite from the host cell.   - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Paoletta, M.S., Laughery, J.M., Arias, L.S.L., Ortiz, J.M.J., Montenegro, V.N., Petrigh, R., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E., Farber, M.D., Wilkowsky, S.E. 2021. The key to egress? Babesia bovis perforin-like protein 1 (PLP1) with hemolytic capacity is required for blood stage replication and is involved in the exit of the parasite from the host cell. International Journal for Parasitology. 51(8):643-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.12.010.

Endochin-like quinolone-300 ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi  - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silva, M.G., Bastos, R.G., Stone, D.J., Riscoe, M.K., Pou, S., Winter, R., Dodean, R.A., Nilsen, A., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Endochin-like quinolone-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi. Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 606. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04487-3.

Transcriptome dataset of Babesia bovis life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ueti, M.W., Johnson, W.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Mousel, M.R., Reif, K.E., Taus, N.S., Ifeonu, O.O., Silva, J.C., Suarez, C.E., Brayton, K.A. 2020. Transcriptome dataset of Babesia bovis life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Data in Brief. 33. Article 106533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106533.

Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Montenegro, V.N., Paoletta, M.S., Jaramillo Ortiz, J.M., Suarez, C.E., Wilkowsky, S.E. 2020. Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion. Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 602. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04469-5.

Twenty years of equine piroplasmosis research: global distribution, molecular diagnosis, and phylogeny - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tirosh-Levy, S., Gottlieb, Y., Fry, L.M., Knowles, D.P., Steinman, A. 2020. Twenty years of equine piroplasmosis research: global distribution, molecular diagnosis, and phylogeny. Pathogens. 9(11). Article 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110926.

Anaplasma marginale in goats from a multispecies grazing system in northeastern Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Barbosa, I.C., André, M.R., Amaral, R.B.D., Valente, J.D.M., Vasconcelos, P.C., Oliveira, C.J.B., Jusi, M.M.G., Machado, R.Z., Vieira, T.S.W.J., Ueti, M.W., Vieira, R.F.C. 2020. Anaplasma marginale in goats from a multispecies grazing system in northeastern Brazil. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 12(1). Article 101592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101592.

Comparative analysis of gene expression between Babesia bovis blood stages and kinetes allowed by improved genome annotation. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ueti, M.W., Johnson, W.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Mousel, M.R., Reif, K.E., Taus, N.S., Ifeonu, O.O., Silva, J.C., Suarez, C.E., Brayton, K.A. 2020. Comparative analysis of gene expression between Babesia bovis blood stages and kinetes allowed by improved genome annotation.. International Journal for Parasitology. 51(2-3):123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.006.

Identification and antigenicity of the Babesia caballi spherical body protein 4 (SBP4) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mahmoud, M.S., Kandil, O.M., Abu El-Ezz, N.T., Hendawy, S.H.M., Elsawy, B.S.M., Knowles, D.P., Bastos, R.G., Kappmeyer, L.S., Laughery, J.M., Alzan, H.F., Suarez, C.E. 2020. Identification and antigenicity of the Babesia caballi spherical body protein 4 (SBP4). Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 369. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04241-9.

Molecular detection of Theileria species and Babesia caballi from horses in Nigeria - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Philip, M.W., Kappmeyer, L.S., Johnson, W.C., Kudi, C.A., Oluyinka, O.O., Balogun, E.O., Richard, E.E., Onoja, E., Sears, K.P., Ueti, M.W. 2020. Molecular detection of Theileria species and Babesia caballi from horses in Nigeria. Parasitology Research. 119:2955-2963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06797-y.

Vibrational spectroscopic based approach for diagnosing babesia bovis infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rüther, A., Perez-Guaita, D., Poole, W.A., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E., Heraud, P., Wood, B.R. 2020. Vibrational spectroscopic based approach for diagnosing babesia bovis infection. Analytical Chemistry. 92(13):8784-8792. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00150.

Equid infective Theileria cluster in distinct 18S rRNA gene clades comprising multiple taxa with unusually broad mammalian host ranges - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bishop, R.P., Kappmeyer, L.S., Onzere, C.K., Odongo, D.O., Githaka, N., Sears, K.P., Knowles, D.P., Fry, L.M. 2020. Equid infective Theileria cluster in distinct 18S rRNA gene clades comprising multiple taxa with unusually broad mammalian host ranges. Parasites & Vectors. 13. Article 261. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04131-0.

Innovative alternatives for continuous in vitro culture of Babesia bigemina in medium free of components of animal origin - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Álvarez Martíneza, J.A., Figueroa Millán, J.V., Ueti, M.W., Rojas-Martínez, C. 2020. Innovative alternatives for continuous in vitro culture of Babesia bigemina in medium free of components of animal origin. Pathogens. 9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050343.

Re-annotation of the Theileria parva genome refines 53% of the proteome and uncovers essential components of N-glycosylation, a conserved pathway in many organisms - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tretina, K., Pelle, R., Orvis, J., Gotia, H.T., Ifeonu, O.O., Kumari, P., Palmateer, N.C., Iqbal, S.B., Fry, L.M., Nene, V.M., Daubenberger, C.A., Bishop, R.P., Silva, J.C. 2020. Re-annotation of the Theileria parva genome refines 53% of the proteome and uncovers essential components of N-glycosylation, a conserved pathway in many organisms. BMC Genomics. 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-6683-0.

Theileria parasites subvert E2F signaling to stimulate leukocyte proliferation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tretina, K., Haidar, M., Madsen-Bouterse, S.A., Sakura, T., Mfarrej, S., Fry, L.M., Chaussepied, M., Pain, A., Knowles, D.P., Nene, V.M., Ginsberg, D., Daubenberger, C.A., Bishop, R.P., Langsley, G., Silva, J.C. 2020. Theileria parasites subvert E2F signaling to stimulate leukocyte proliferation. Scientific Reports. 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60939-x.

relA is Achilles’ heel for mycobacterial pathogens as demonstrated with deletion mutants in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Abdellrazeq, G.S., Mahmoud, A.H., Kun-Taek, P., Fry, L.M., Elnaggar, M.M., Schneider, D.A., Hulubei, V., Davis, W.C. 2020. relA is Achilles’ heel for mycobacterial pathogens as demonstrated with deletion mutants in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Tuberculosis. 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2020.101904.

Simultaneous cognate epitope recognition by bovine CD4 and CD8 T cells is essential for primary expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells following ex vivo stimulation with a candidate Mycobacterium avium supsp. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Abdellrazeq, G.S., Fry, L.M., Elnaggar, M.M., Bannantine, J.P., Schneider, D.A., Chamberlain, W.M., Mahmoud, A.H.A., Park, K.T., Hulubei, V., Davis, W.C. 2020. Simultaneous cognate epitope recognition by bovine CD4 and CD8 T cells is essential for primary expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells following ex vivo stimulation with a candidate Mycobacterium avium supsp. paratubeculosis peptide vaccine. Vaccine. 38(8):2016-2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.052.

Capacity to elicit Cytotoxic CD8 T cell activity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is retained in a vaccine candidate 35 kD peptide modified for expression in mammalian cells - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Franceschi, V., Asmma, M.H., Abdellrazeq, G.S., Tebaldi, G., Macchi, F., Russo, L., Fry, L.M., Elnaggar, M.M., Bannantine, J.P., Park, K., Hulubei, V., Cavirani, S., Davis, W.C., Donofrio, G. 2019. Capacity to elicit Cytotoxic CD8 T cell activity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is retained in a vaccine candidate 35 kD peptide modified for expression in mammalian cells . Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02859.

Changes in the molecular and functional phenotype of bovine monocytes during Theileria parva infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bastos, R.G., Sears, K.P., Dinkel, K.D., Knowles, D.P., Fry, L.M. 2019. Changes in the molecular and functional phenotype of bovine monocytes during Theileria parva infection. Infection and Immunity. 87(12). https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00703-19.

Babesiosis vaccines: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and future glimpses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rathinasamy, V., Poole, W.A., Bastos, R.G., Suarez, C.E., Cooke, B.M. 2019. Babesiosis vaccines: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and future glimpses. Trends in Parasitology. 35(8):622-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.002.

A review of recent research on Theileria parva: Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bishop, R.P., Odongo, D., Ahmed, J., Mwamuye, M., Fry, L.M., Knowles, D.P., Nanteza, A., Lubega, G., Gwakisa, P., Clausen, P., Obara, I. 2020. A review of recent research on Theileria parva: Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 67(51):56-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13325.

RON2, a novel gene in Babesia bigemina, contains conserved, immunodominant B-cell epitopes that induce antibodies that block merozoite invasion - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mosqueda, J., Hidalgo-Ruiz, M., Calvo-Olvera, D., Hernandez-Silva, D., Ueti, M.W., Mercado-Uriostegui, M.A., Rodriguez, A., Ramos-Aragon, J.A., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Kawazu, S.I., Igarashi, I. 2019. RON2, a novel gene in Babesia bigemina, contains conserved, immunodominant B cell epitopes that induce antibodies that block merozoite invasion. Parasitology. 146(13):1646-1654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182019001161.

Interplay between attenuation-and virulence-factors of Babesia bovis and their contribution to the establishment of persistent infections in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gallego-López, G.M., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2019. Interplay between attenuation-and virulence-factors of Babesia bovis and their contribution to the establishment of persistent infections in cattle. Pathogens. 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030097.

Infection dynamics of Theileria equi and Theileria haneyi, a newly discovered apicomplexan of the horse - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sears, K.P., Kappmeyer, L.S., Wise, L.N., Siva, M., Ueti, M.W., White, S.N., Reif, K.E., Knowles, D.P. 2019. Infection dynamics of Theileria equi and Theileria haneyi, a newly discovered apicomplexan of the horse. Veterinary Parasitology. 271:68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.009.

Identification of proteins expressed by Babesia bigemina kinetes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bohaliga, G.A.R., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Hussein, H.E., Bastos, R.G., Suarez, C.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Identification of proteins expressed by Babesia bigemina kinetes. Parasites & Vectors. 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3531-7.

Molecular and antigenic properties of mammalian cellexpressed Theileria parva antigen Tp9 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bastos, R.G., Franceschi, V., Tebaldi, G., Connelley, T., Morrison, I.W., Knowles, D.W., Donofrio, G., Fry, L.M. 2019. Molecular and antigenic properties of mammalian cellexpressed Theileria parva antigen Tp9. Frontiers in Immunology. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00897.

A recombinant bovine herpesvirus-4 vectored vaccine delivered via intranasal nebulization elicits viral neutralizing antibody titers in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Williams, L.B., Fry, L.M., Herndon, D.R., Franceschi, V., Schneider, D.A., Donofrio, G., Knowles, D.P. 2019. A recombinant bovine herpesvirus-4 vectored vaccine delivered via intranasal nebulization elicits viral neutralizing antibody titers in cattle. PLoS One. 14(4):e0215605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215605.

Pattern of CD14, CD16, CD163 and CD172a expression on water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) leukocytes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Elnaggar, M.M., Grandoni, F., Abdellrazeq, G.S., Fry, L.M., El-Naggar, K., Hulubei, V., Buttazzoni, L., Khaliel, S.A., Torky, H.A., Davis, W.C. 2019. Pattern of CD14, CD16, CD163 and CD172a expression on water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) leukocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 211:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.010.

Detection and genotypic characterization of toxoplasma gondii DNA within the milk of Mongolian livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Iacobucci, E., Fritz, H., Papageorgiou, S., O'Conner, R., Taus, N.S., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Detection and genotypic characterization of toxoplasma gondii DNA within the milk of Mongolian livestock. Parasitology Research. 118(6):2005-2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06306-w.

Gene gun DNA immunization of cattle induces humoral and CD4 T-cell-mediated immune responses against the Theileria parva polymorphic immunodominant molecule - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Fry, L.M., Bastos, R.G., Stone, B.C., Williams, L.B., Knowles, D.P., Murphy, S.C. 2019. Gene gun DNA immunization of cattle induces humoral and CD4 T-cell-mediated immune responses against the Theileria parva polymorphic immunodominant molecule. Vaccine. 37(12):1546-1553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.009.

Transgenic babesia bovis lacking 6-Cys sexual-stage genes as the foundation for non-transmissible live vaccines against bovine babesiosis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Alzan, H.F., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2019. Transgenic babesia bovis lacking 6-Cys sexual-stage genes as the foundation for non-transmissible live vaccines against bovine babesiosis. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 10(3):722-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.01.006.

Evolution and diversity of the EMA families of the divergent equid parasites, Theileria equi and T. haneyi - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wise, L.N., Kappmeyer, L.S., Knowles, D.P., White, S.N. 2019. Evolution and diversity of the EMA families of the divergent equid parasites, Theileria equi and T. haneyi. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 68:153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.020.

Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hala, H.E., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Suarez, C.E., Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W. 2019. Silencing expression of the Rhipicephalus microplus vitellogenin receptor gene blocks Babesia bovis transmission and interferes with oocyte maturation. Parasites & Vectors. 12(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3270-1.

Unraveling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Suarez, C.E., Alzan, A., Silva, M., Rathinasamy, V., Poole, W., Cooke, B. 2019. Unraveling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit? International Journal for Parasitology. 49(2):183-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.002.

Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ruiz, M.H., Suarez, C.E., Mercado-Uriostequi, M.A., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Ramos, J.A., Galindo-Velazco, E., Mosqueda, J. 2018. Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle. Parasites & Vectors. 11:575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3164-2.

Identification of a putative methyltransferase gene of Babesia bigemina as a novel molecular biomarker uniquely expressed in parasite tick stages. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bohaliga, G.A., Johnson, W.C., Taus, N.S., Hussein, H.E., Ueti, M.W. 2018. Identification of a putative methyltransferase gene of Babesia bigemina as a novel molecular biomarker uniquely expressed in parasite tick stages. Parasites & Vectors. 11(1):480. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3052-9.

Up-regulated expression of spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 is associated with reduced in vitro endothelial cell cytoadhesion by babesia bovis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gallego-Lopez, G., Lau, A., O'Connor, R., Ueti, M.W., Cooke, B., Laughery, J., Graca, T., Madsen-Bouterse, S., Oldiges, D., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Up-regulated expression of spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 is associated with reduced in vitro endothelial cell cytoadhesion by babesia bovis. International Journal for Parasitology. 49(2):127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.05.015.

Immunomolecular characterization of MIC-1, a novel antigen in babesia bigemina, which contains conserved and immunodominant B-cell epitopes that induce neutralizing antibodies - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hernández-Silva, D., Valdez-Espinoza, U., Mercado Uriostegui, M., Aguilar-Tipacamú, G., Ramos-Aragón, J., Hernández-Ortiz, R., Ueti, M.W., Mosqueda, J. 2018. Immunomolecular characterization of MIC-1, a novel antigen in babesia bigemina, which contains conserved and immunodominant B-cell epitopes that induce neutralizing antibodies. Journal of Veterinary Science. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5020032.

Discovery of a novel species Theileria haneyi n. sp. infective to equids highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knowles, D.P., Kappmeyer, L.S., Haney, D., Herndon, D.R., Fry, L.M., Munro, J.B., Sears, K., Ueti, M.W., Wise, L.N., Silva, M., Schneider, D.A., Grause, J., White, S.N., Trentina, K., Bishop, R., Odongo, D.O., Pelzel-McCluske, A.M., Scoles, G.A., Mealey, R.H., Silva, J.C. 2018. Discovery of a novel species Theileria haneyi n. sp. infective to equids highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance. International Journal for Parasitology. 48(9-10):127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.03.010.

Spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 as a specific babesia bovis attenuation marker - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gallego-Lopez, G., Lau, A., Johnson, W.C., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Spherical body protein 2 truncated copy 11 as a specific babesia bovis attenuation marker. Parasites & Vectors. 11:169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2782-z.

Stable transformation of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using a single transfection plasmid - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silva, M.G., Knowles, D.P., Mazuz, M.L., Cooke, B.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Stable transformation of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using a single transfection plasmid. Scientific Reports. 8:6096. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23010-4.

Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Scudiero, L., Mercado, W.J., Rudolph, A., Wang, J., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM. Journal of Microscopy. doi:10.1111/jmi.12697.

Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Scudiero, L., Mercado-Rojano, D.W., Rudolph, A., Wang, J., Laughery, J.M., Suarez, C.E. 2018. Comparisons of the topographic characteristics and electrical charge distributions among Babesia-infected erythrocytes and extraerythrocytic merozoites using AFM. Journal of Microscopy. 271(1):84-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12697.

Molecular detection and characterization of theileria spp infecting cattle in Sennar State, Sudan - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mohamad, S.B., Alagib, A., Abdelkareim, T.B., Haasan, M.M., Johnson, W.C., Hussein, H.E., Taus, N.S., Ueti, M.W. 2018. Molecular detection and characterization of theileria spp infecting cattle in Sennar State, Sudan. Parasitology Research. 117(4):1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5775-0.

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in barrel racing horses in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gold, J.R., Knowles, D.P., Coffey, T., Bayly, W.M. 2018. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in barrel racing horses in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 32:839-845. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15066.

First detection of diffuse and cerebral theileria equi infection in neonatal filly - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Levi, M.M., Tirosh-Levy, S., Dahan, R., Berlin, D., Steinman, A., Edery, N., Savistsky, I., Lebovich, B., Knowles Jr, D.P., Suarez, C.E. 2017. First detection of diffuse and cerebral theileria equi infection in neonatal filly. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 60:23-28.

The babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hussein, H.E., Bastos, R.G., Schneider, D.A., Johnson, W.C., Adham, F.K., Davis, W.C., Laughery, J.M., Herndon, D.R., Alzan, H.F., Ueti, M.W., Suarez, C.E. 2017. The babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11(10):e0005965. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005965.

Advances in the application of genetic manipulation methods to apicomplexan parasites - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Suarez, C.E., Bishop, R.P., Alzan, H., Poole, W., Cook, B. 2017. Advances in the application of genetic manipulation methods to apicomplexan parasites. International Journal for Parasitology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.08.002.

Assessment and optimization of theileria parva sporozoite full-length p67 antigen expression in mammalian cells - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Tebaldi, G., Williams, L.B., Verna, A.E., Macchi, F., Franceshi, V., Fry, L.M., Knowles Jr, D.P., Donofrio, G. 2017. Assessment and optimization of theileria parva sporozoite full-length p67 antigen expression in mammalian cells. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005803.

Geno- and phenotypic characteristics of a transfected babesia bovis 6-Cys-E knockout clonal line - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Alzan, A., Silva, M., Davis, W., Herndon, D.R., Schneider, D.A., Suarez, C.E. 2017. Geno- and phenotypic characteristics of a transfected babesia bovis 6-Cys-E knockout clonal line. Parasites & Vectors. 10(1):214.

Characterization of leukocyte subsets in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine MHC class I and class II molecules and leukocyte differentiation molecules - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, W.C., Grandoni, F., Mahmoud, E.M., Abdellrazeq, G.S., Fry, L.M., Mack, V., Marchitelli, C., Barile, V.L. 2017. Characterization of leukocyte subsets in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine MHC class I and class II molecules and leukocyte differentiation molecules. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 74:101-109.

Inhibition of the in vitro growth of babesia bigemina, babesia caballi and theileria equi parasites by trifluralin analogues - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silva, M.G., Knowles, D.P., Domingos, A., Esteves, A.M., Antunes, S., Suarez, C.E. 2017. Inhibition of the in vitro growth of babesia bigemina, babesia caballi and theileria equi parasites by trifluralin analogues. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases. 8(4):593-597.

Characterization and use of new monoclonal antibodies to CD11c,CD14, and CD163 to analyze the phenotypic complexity of ruminantmonocyte subsets - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Elnaggar, M.M., Abdellrazeq, G.S., Mack, V., Fry, L.M., Davis, W.C., Park, T. 2016. Characterization and use of new monoclonal antibodies to CD11c,CD14, and CD163 to analyze the phenotypic complexity of ruminantmonocyte subsets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 178:57-63.